8B Respiration_2017-04-05 10-17-5641.PPT

Respiration_2017

1. Biology Respiration EELS

2. Respiration Contents Releasing energy The circulation system Summary activities The breathing system Anaerobic respiration EELS EELS

3. The body needs a constant supply of energy which comes from digested food. Glucose from digested carbohydrate is an important substance that contains stored chemical energy . How is digested food used by the body? When glucose reacts with oxygen a lot of energy is released. The release of energy from glucose is called… respiration EELS EELS

4. from the digestive system from the breathing system useful! waste product exhaled waste product exhaled This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because energy is released with oxygen . Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose): What is respiration? carbon dioxide glucose oxygen water energy How do the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic respiration get to the all the body’s cells? EELS EELS

5. How do cells get oxygen and glucose? EELS EELS

6. Aerobic respiration: word equation activity EELS EELS

7. Testing for the products of respiration EELS EELS

8. When something burns, heat and light energy are released and carbon dioxide and water are also produced, so combustion is similar to respiration. Burning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen. This reaction is called combustion : Comparing respiration and combustion carbon dioxide fuel oxygen water However, combustion is different because it is not a controlled reaction. Respiration is a controlled reaction which slowly releases energy from food in the body’s cells and the cells do not catch fire! EELS EELS

9. Respiration Contents Releasing energy The circulation system Summary activities The breathing system Anaerobic respiration EELS EELS

10. The dissolved food and oxygen needed for respiration are carried around the body by the circulation system . The circulation system includes the blood, blood vessels, the heart and the lungs. Which part of the circulation system actually carries dissolved food and oxygen to the body’s cells? The body’s transport system EELS EELS

11. The blood carries oxygen and dissolved food to all the body’s cells so that respiration can take place. Blood EELS EELS

12. The heart is made of very special muscle called cardiac muscle. This is because it has to keep beating for the whole of a person’s life! If you tried to do the same action repeatedly (like the heart does), your muscles would get tired and after a while stop working. Your beating heart Why is it important for respiration that the heart keeps beating? EELS EELS

13. Ideas about circulation EELS EELS

14. What happens to the pulse rate whilst someone is running? The body needs to release more energy: so oxygen and glucose need to reach muscle cells quickly; so blood is pumped around the body faster; so the pulse is faster. Different types of activity What happens to the pulse rate whilst someone is sleeping? The body needs to release less energy: so oxygen and glucose need to reach muscle cells slowly; so blood is pumped around the body slower; so the pulse is slower. EELS EELS

15. Respiration Contents Releasing energy The circulation system Summary activities The breathing system Anaerobic respiration EELS EELS

16. The breathing system EELS EELS

17. The nasal passages and lungs Air is drawn into the body via the nose or mouth. There are advantages to breathing through your nose : Air then travels through the larynx , trachea (windpipe), bronchi (one bronchus to each lung) and bronchioles to the alveoli , where oxygen passes into the bloodstream. the air is warmed by the blood capillaries tiny hairs and mucus in the nose filter the air, preventing larger dust and pollen particles reaching the alveoli mucus moistens the air, making it easier for the alveoli to absorb. EELS EELS

18. The respiratory system EELS EELS

19. The breathing system is used by the body to get the oxygen needed for respiration. It is also use to get rid of the waste product of respiration, the gas carbon dioxide. Breathing in and breathing out are separate processes in the body: What is breathing? Breathing in is also known as inhalation . When you inhale you breathe in air, including oxygen, into your lungs.   Breathing out is also known as exhalation . When you exhale you breathe out the contents of our lungs and getting rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide. EELS EELS

20. Inhalation and exhalation EELS EELS

21. In the lungs, oxygen travels to thousands of tiny air sacs called alveoli . These are covered with tiny blood vessels. The alveoli The alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area which is equal in size to the area of a tennis court! EELS EELS

22. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli – oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. Each alveolus has a thin wall so that gas exchange between Gas exchange the lungs and the blood can take place quickly. EELS EELS

23. What are the differences between inhaled and exhaled air? inhaled air nitrogen (78%) oxygen (21%) carbon dioxide (0.04%) other Comparing inhaled and exhaled air How could you test for the differences between inhaled and exhaled air? exhaled air nitrogen (78%) oxygen (17%) carbon dioxide (4%) other EELS EELS

24. Respiration Contents Releasing energy The circulation system Summary activities The breathing system Anaerobic respiration EELS EELS

25. When the body is able to supply the cells with the oxygen and glucose that they need, it carries out aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen needed to break down glucose, then it has to carry out anaerobic respiration. Energy is released without oxygen : Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration carbon dioxide glucose oxygen water energy lactic acid energy glucose EELS EELS

26. When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid produced soaks the muscle cells and prevents muscles from doing their job. This causes fatigue and sometimes cramp . After activity that has lead to anaerobic respiration, the person involved pants and breathes heavily. This happens because they need lots of oxygen to get rid of lactic acid that has built up in their body. Not enough oxygen! lactic acid energy glucose carbon dioxide lactic acid oxygen water EELS EELS

27. Micro-organisms in industry biogas. Respiring micro-organisms are used in the commercial production of many different products, including: bread alcohol These micro-organisms break substances down using aerobic or anaerobic respiration. The effect of anaerobic respiration is often called fermentation . EELS EELS

28. Yeast in bread production Yeast is a type of fungus used in bread production. Yeast digests the carbohydrates in flour, producing carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide causes bread to rise. It also creates gas pockets in the dough, giving baked bread a spongy texture. At first the yeast respires aerobically, but once it uses up the available oxygen it begins to respire anaerobically. EELS EELS

29. Yeast in the production of alcohol Yeast is used to make alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, rum, whiskey and vodka. The amount of ethanol produced is limited as alcohol becomes toxic to microbes at certain concentrations. During fermentation, anaerobic respiration in yeast cells converts glucose into ethanol. EELS EELS

30. Anaerobic respiration: word equation activity EELS EELS

31. Respiration Contents Releasing energy The circulation system Summary activities The breathing system Anaerobic respiration EELS EELS

32. Multiple-choice quiz EELS