A.B-Architecture -L1 -Roj 2024_be50ec7192376d37f8a9d00374fbe6da.pptx

BIO ARCHITECTURE

1. Lecture 1 Advanced Bio-Architecture Course Overview and Brainstorming 2023-2024 Dr. Rojhat Kh. Ibrahim Oray

2. القناع Contented رازيبون

3. Advanced Bio Architecture Environment Biophilic Mimicry Organic Green ??? !!! Sustainability

4. Achieving sustainability

5. The three spheres (pillars) of Sustainability

6. Built Environment

7. operation and demolition of buildings Absorb the Waste

8. According to (Halliday, 2008) Built Environment increasingly be required to satisfy the following criteria : 1- Enhance biodiversity: not use materials from threatened species or environments and improve natural habitats where possible through appropriate planting and water use. 2- Support communities: identify and meet the real needs requirements and aspirations of communities and stakeholders and involve them in key decisions . 3- Use resources effectively: not consume a disproportionate amount of resources, including money and land during material sourcing, construction, use or disposal; not cause unnecessary waste of energy, water or materials due to short life, poor design, inefficiency , or less than ideal construction and manufacturing procedures. Buildings have to be affordable, manageable and maintainable in use. 4- Minimize pollution: create minimum dependence on polluting products and materials, management practices energy, power and forms of transport. 5- Create healthy environments: enhance living, leisure and work environments; and not endanger the health of the builders or occupants, or any other parties, through exposure to pollutants, the use of toxic materials or providing host environments to harmful organisms.

9. Main Environmental Issues: The main environmental issues which have been addressed according to ( Sassi , 2006) are the following: 1- Global warming : Global warming describes the process by which greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere in abnormally high amounts, trapping the Earth’s radiation and causing its temperature to rise significantly. This is linked to environmental problems such as changes in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and expansion of deserts. 2- Pollution : Pollution of air, water and land, resulting from burning of fossil fuels, industrial processes, agriculture and other human activities, is endangering human health, biodiversity and the built environment. 3- Ozone depletion: Ozone shields the Earth from ultraviolet(UV) radiation and its depletion is caused by emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances into the atmosphere. Increases in UV radiation are thought to be linked to a rise in skin cancers, damage to the human immune system, and altered crop yields. 4- Water : A third of the world population is still without access to safe water , as the global population grows, the need for water will grow, as will waste and pollution which will increasingly threaten the quality of groundwater and rivers.

10. 5- Resources : Some non-renewable resources , including natural gas and petroleum resources, will eventually be depleted. The economically viable extraction of some abundant mineral ores may also be limited. Renewable resources, such as timber, are also at risk of over-exploitation. 6- Deforestation: Deforestation through commercial logging conversion of forest land to agricultural use, and other activities causes the destruction of natural habitats and extinction of plant and animal species and exacerbates the effects of global warming and pollution 7- Soil degradation: Urbanization, construction, mining, war, agriculture and deforestation can cause soil degradation Soil erosion, altered soil structure drainage capacity and fertilization can diminish crop yields increase the risk of flooding and destroy natural habitats. 8- Waste : Increasing amounts of waste add pressure for more landfill sites , which pollute air, soil and groundwater and for more incineration , which pollutes the air and produces generally toxic residue . 9- Extinction of flora and fauna : The current mass extinction rates of plant and animal species are the conclusion of the environmental damage to our planet. 10- Population: Global population growth is associated with increases in the human-induced environmental impacts mentioned above.

11. CLIMATE & ARCHITECTURE - Climate regions, Climate scales, Climate analysis, Environmental Design based on climate regions THERMAL COMFORT - Factors affecting thermal comfort, comfort zones, Thermal mass NATURAL VENTILATION - Climate responsive design, Passive design strategies, PASSIVE COOLING DESIGN , Night, Evaporative and Earth cooling PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING, Overheating, Direct , Indirect and Isolated gain systems SHADING DEVICES - Solar control, Heat gains, Solar path LIGHTING SYSTEM, Daylighting, Windows, Glare ACOUSTIC SYSTEM , Noise Pollution, Indoor Environmental Performance