A.C. Duct

introduction of A.C. DUCT

1. Subject – Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Topic – A.C. DUCT Presented By :- Dhruv Shah

2. Functions of Duct The function of duct is to transmit the air from air handling unit to the space to be air conditioned. The conditioned air must be properly distributed to provide comfort zone conditions. Duct systems are also used to bring cooled or warm air to the proper distribution points where several rooms are to be conditioned.

3. Classification of ducts According to the velocity of duct : Low velocity and higher velocity duct. When velocity of air is upto 750 m/min and more than 750 m/min. According to pressure : Low pressure, high pressure and medium pressure. When static pressure is less than 50 mm of water, 50-150 mm of water and 150-250 mm of water. According to type of air : Supply air duct, return air duct and Fresh air duct.

4. General rules for duct design Air should be conveyed as directly as possible to save space, power and material Sudden changes in directions should be avoided. When not possible to avoid sudden changes, turning vanes should be used to reduce pressure loss Diverging sections should be gradual. Angle of divergence ≤ 20 degree. Aspect ratio should be as close to 1.0 as possible. Normally, it should not exceed 4 Air velocities should be within permissible limits to reduce noise and vibration Duct material should be as smooth as possible to reduce frictional losses

5. Factors affecting design of duct Heat gain or heat loss from duct Aspect ratio : It should not be more than 8 for rectangular duct. 3. Duct Friction 4. Type of fitting

6. Duct Materials GI Sheet Aluminium Stainless steel Fibre glass, GFRP

7. What is dynamic losses in duct? Whenever there is a change in direction or velocity in the flow through the duct is known as dynamic loss. It is due to: Change in direction of flow through bends, elbows Sudden change in area due to enlargement, contraction etc.

8. Duct design methods Velocity reduction methods Equal pressure loss (Friction loss) methods

9. Velocity reduction method In this method, velocities in the ducts are assumed that they decreases as the flow proceeds. The pressure drops are calculated for these velocities for respective branches from main duct. The pressure at the outlet is adjusted by dampers. This is easiest method and velocities can be adjusted to avoid noise. In this method, considerable experience is required for selection of velocities.

10. Equal pressure drop method In this method, the size of duct is decided to give equal pressure drop per meter length in all ducts. If layout of duct is symmetrical and same length then this method gives equal pressure drop and no damper is required. In case run at different lengths then shortest will give minimum pressure drop and require heavy damper at outlet.