A Holistic Way of Creating Pattern Languages of Practices (PLoP 2024 Plenary Talk)

Takashi Iba's Plenary Talk at The 31st International Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, People & Practices (PLoP 2024), USA, Oct 13th, 2024.

1. PLoP 2024 Plenary Talk (Imagination Run Wild)
Ph.D in Media and Governance
Professor at Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
Chairman of CreativeShift, Inc.
A Holistic Way of Creating Pattern
Languages of Practices
Takashi Iba井庭 崇

2. •Model Patterns (Iba, 2003)
•Facilitation (Shimizu & Iba, 2005)
•Learning (Iba, et al., 2009; Iba & Iba Lab, 2014)
•Education (Iba, et al. , 2011; Iba & Utsunomiya, 2017)
•Collaboration (Iba, et al. , 2013; Iba & Iba Lab, 2014)
•Presentation (Iba, et al. , 2012; Iba & Iba Lab, 2014)
•Reading (Iba, et al. , 2018)
•Open Dialogue (Iba et al., 2017; Iba & Nagai, 2018)
•Motivating Self-Improvement (Burgoyne &Iba, 2017)
•Life Transition (Iba & Kubo, 2017)
•Project Design (Kubota et al ., 2016; Iba et al., 2017)
•School Design (Iba et al ., 2015)
•Workshop Design (Iba, 2012; Akado et al., 2015)
•Middle Leader for Child Care (Nozawa, et al ., 2018)
•Omotenashi (Hospitality) (Iba & Nakagawa, 2019)
•Cooking (Akado et al. , 2016; Yoshikawa et al., 2018; Isaku & Iba, 2016)
•Managing Everyday Life with Working and Parenting (Ogo et al. , 2017)
•Living Lively and Beautiful (Arao et al. , 2012)
•Natural Living - Ethical Lifestyle (Kamada et al. , 2016)
•Living well with Dementia (Iba & Okada, 2015; Iba, et al. , 2016)
•Social Entrepreneurship (Shimomukai, et al. , 2012; Shimomukai, et al. , 2015)
•Cross-Border Leadership (Miura, et al. , 2016)
•Public Policy Design (Iba & Takenaka, 2017)
•Surviving Earthquakes (Furukawazono et al. , 2013; Furukawazono & Iba, 2015)
•Conservation of Ecosystem (Kamada et al. , 2018)

…..
We’ve created 100+ pattern languages in various
domain including 3,700+ patterns for past 20 years.

3. Evolution of Pattern Language

4. Pattern Language
A method for articulating and sharing
the essence (rules of thumb)
of good designs and practices,
and the language that has been crafted
Takashi Iba's latest explanation as of 2024

5. “At the moment when a person is faced with an act of
design, he does not have time to think about it from
scratch. He is faced with the need to act, he has to act
fast; and the only way of acting fast is to rely on the
various rules of thumb which he has accumulated in his
mind. In short, each one of us, no matter how humble, or
how elevated, has a vast fabric of rules of thumb, in
our minds, which tell us what to do when it comes time
to act. At the time of any act of design, all we can hope
to do is to use the rules of thumb we have
collected, in the best way we know how.”
Christopher Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building, Oxford University Press, 1979
/p.203

6. Christopher Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building, Oxford University Press, 1979
/
“all these rules of thumb --- or patterns”
p.202

7. ◦
Takashi Iba, Mami Sakamoto, and Toko Miyake, “How to Write Tacit Knowledge as a Pattern Language: Media Design for Spontaneous and Collaborative Communities,” Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences 26, pp.46 54, 2011
◦
Takashi Iba, "Using pattern languages as media for mining, analysing, and visualising experiences," International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering, Vol.3, Nos. 3/4, 2014
◦
Takashi Iba, Norihiko Kimura, Takuya Honda, Sumire Nakamura, Sakurako Kogure, and Ayaka Yoshikawa, “The Method of Agile Pattern Creation for Campus Building: The Keio-SFC Experiment,” PLoP '15:
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2015
◦
Takashi Iba, “Pattern Language 3.0 and Fundamental Behavioral Properties” in World Conference on Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change, 2015, published in a book: Peter Baumgartner, Tina
Gruber-Muecke, Richard Sickinger (Eds.), Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change. Designing Lively Scenarios in Various Fields . Berlin: epubli, 2016, pp.200-233
◦
Takashi Iba, Taichi Isaku, “Creating a Pattern Language for Creating Pattern Languages: 364 Patterns for Pattern Mining, Writing, and Symbolizing,” PLoP '16: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Pattern
Languages of Programs, ACM, 2016
◦
Takashi Iba and Taichi Isaku, “Holistic Pattern-Mining Patterns: A Pattern Language for Pattern Mining on a Holistic Approach,” Hillside Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Pattern Languages of
Programs, 2012
◦
Takashi Iba and Joseph Yoder, “Mining Interview Patterns: Patterns for Effectively Obtaining Seeds of Patterns,” in 10th Latin American Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2014
◦
Yuma Akado, Sakurako Kogure, Alice Sasabe, Jei-Hee Hong, Keishi Saruwatari, and Takashi Iba, “Five Patterns for Designing Pattern Mining Workshops,” EuroPLoP '15: Proceedings of the 20th European
Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2015
◦
Alice Sasabe, Tomoki Kaneko, Kaho Takahashi, Takashi Iba, “Pattern Mining Patterns: A Search for the Seeds of Patterns,” PLoP '16: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs,
2016
◦
Takashi Iba, Ayaka Yoshikawa, Konomi Munakata, “Philosophy and methodology of clustering in pattern mining: Japanese anthropologist Jiro Kawakita's KJ method,”PLoP '17: Proceedings of the 24th
Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2017
◦
Takashi Iba, Yuya Oka, Haruka Kimura, Erika Inoue, "Extracting and Writing Key Elements in Pattern Mining", 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, PLOPOURRI , 2021
◦
Takashi Iba, Takako Kanai, "Systematization of Patterns for Weaving a Pattern Language as a Whole," 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, PLOPOURRI, 2021
◦
Takashi Iba, "A Journey on the Way to Pattern Writing: Designing the Pattern Writing Sheet," Hillside Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2014
◦
Yumiko Shimokawa,Misaki Yamakage,Natsuki Takahashi,Takashi Iba, "28 Important Knacks to Improve Patterns," EuroPLoP '20: Proceedings of the European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs,
ACM, 2020
◦
Takashi Iba, "How to Write Patterns: A Practical Guide for Creating a Pattern Language on Human Actions," 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, PLOPOURRI , 2021
◦
Takashi Iba, Hinako Ando, "How to Make Patterns Powerful: Realizing Contrast in a Pattern of a Pattern Language," 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, PLOPOURRI, 2021
◦
Kaori Harasawa, Rinko Arao, and Takashi Iba, "A pattern language for pattern illustrating," PLoP '12: Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2012
◦
Kaori Harasawa, Natsumi Miyazaki, Rika Sakuraba, and Takashi Iba, "The Nature of Pattern Illustrating: The Theory and The Process of Pattern Illustrating," Hillside Proceedings of the 21st Conference on
Pattern Languages of Programs, 2014
◦
Natsumi Miyazaki, Rika Sakuraba, Kaori Harasawa, Takashi Iba, "Pattern illustrating patterns: a pattern language for pattern illustrating," PLoP '15: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Pattern Languages
of Programs, ACM, 2015
◦
Takashi Iba with Iba Laboratory, Pattern Illustrating Patterns: A Pattern Language for Pattern Illustrating , CreativeShift Lab, 2015
◦
Kaori Harasawa, Natsumi Miyazaki, Rika Sakuraba, and Takashi Iba, A Tale of Pattern Illustrating, CreativeShift Lab, 2015
◦
Shiori Shibata, Sakurako Kogure, Hitomi Shimizu, Takashi Iba, “Pattern Naming Patterns: symbolizing the content and value by expressions to facilitate intuitive comprehension,” PLoP '16: Proceedings of the
23rd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2016
◦
Konomi Munakata, Rio Nitta, Kotomi Nozaki, Chiaki Sano, Takashi Iba, "15 design patterns for pattern illustrating," PLoP '18: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM,
2018
◦
Takashi Iba, Yuka Banno, Hinako Ando, "Principles of Pattern Illustration Design," EuroPLoP'21: 26th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2021
◦
Takashi Iba, "Pattern Mining Workshop: Creating a pattern language for open collaborations," 4th International Conference on Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs2013), Santiago, Chile, Aug. 2013
◦
Konomi Munakata,Ayaka Yoshikawa,Haruka Mori, Tomoaki Kaneko, Takashi, Iba, “Pattern Mining Workshop: Practice of Clustering with KJ Method”, Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change
conference 2017 (PURPLSOC2017), Krems, Austria, 2017
◦
Ayaka Yoshikawa, Konomi Munakata, Haruka Mori, Hitomi Shimizu, Tomoki Kaneko, Akiko Kumasaki, Taichi Isaku, Takashi Iba, “Pattern Mining Workshop: How to Find Patterns from Experiences,”
Symposium on the Future of Learning, Vienna, Austria, 2017
◦
Joseph Yoder, Takashi Iba, “Pattern Mining Workshop,” MiniPLoP 2017, Programming 2017 conference, Brussels, Belgium, 2017
◦
Joseph Yoder, Takashi Iba, “Workshop for pattern mining,” 6th Asian Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (AsianPLoP 2017), 2017
◦
Takashi Iba, Taichi Isaku, Aimi Burgoyne, “Holistic Pattern Mining Workshop”, 23rd European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (EuroPLoP2018), 2018
◦
Konomi Munakata, Tomoki Kaneko, Takashi Iba, “Pattern Illustrating Workshop”, 24th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (EuroPLoP2019), 2019
20 papers and 2 books
for past 15 years
on crafting pattern languages

8. A Crafting Process of Pattern Languages of Practices
Developed by Takashi Iba and sophisticated through practices at Iba Lab and CreativeShift, Inc.

9. Selected Paper Collection of
Our Papers on Pattern Language Crafting

10. Conducted Pattern Mining Workshops
in Several Regions around the World

11. ◦
Warburton, S.; Bergin, J.; Kohls, C.; Köppe, C. & Mor, Y., “Dialogical assessment patterns for learning
from others,” in Proceedings of the 2016 VikingPLoP conference, ACM, 2016
◦
Warburton, S., Mor, Y., Kohls, C., Köppe, C., Bergin, J.. “Assessment driven course design: a pattern
validation workshop,” in 8th Biennial Conference of EARLI SIG 1: Assessment & Evaluation , Munich,
Germany, 2016
◦
Bergin, J.; Kohls, C.; Köppe, C.; Mor, Y.; Portier, M.; Schümmer, T. & Warburton, S., “Assessment-driven
Course Design Foundational Patterns,” Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern
Languages of Programs, ACM, 2015
◦
Bergin, J.; Kohls, C.; Köppe, C.; Mor, Y.; Portier, M.; Schümmer, T. & Warburton, S., “Assessment-Driven
Course Design-Fair Play Patterns,” Hillside Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Pattern Languages of
Programs, PLoP ’15, 2015
EduPLoP 2015 was conducted
with using the method and
papers were published

12. “The Hillside Group functions as the de
facto hub of the global patterns
community, which gathers at annual
Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP)
conferences that Hillside sponsors. The
conferences focus on pattern writing
workshops and invited talks related to
pattern development. One frequent PLoP
conference presenter is Takashi Iba, a
prominent patterns researcher at Keio
University in Japan. Iba is also a prolific
patterns author who, working with his
students over the past decade, has created
more than 20 pattern languages containing
more than 600 patterns covering many
different topics. As a part of this process
Iba has developed his own process for
creating patterns and a protocol for
presenting them.”
Pini Reznik, Jamie Dobson, Michelle Gienow, Cloud Native Transformation. O'Reilly Media, 2019

13. “Our Approach
The authors of this book followed
largely in Iba’s footsteps. Some patterns
were mined during whiteboard sessions
with Container Solutions engineers,
others during collaborative brainstorming
and epic patterns-writing sessions in
London, Amsterdam, and Baltimore.
Early versions of six patterns were
produced as part of a paper presented at
the 2018 PLoP conference. That paper,
titled “A Cloud Native Transformation
Pattern Language,” inspired the creation
of many more patterns and eventually
grew into this book.”
Pini Reznik, Jamie Dobson, Michelle Gienow, Cloud Native Transformation. O'Reilly Media, 2019

14. 3. Academic Aspect of Qualitative Research
A Holistic Way of Creating
Pattern Languages of Practices
1. Operational Aspect of Editing and Expression
2. Creative Aspect of Semantic Inquiry
Takashi Iba, 2024

15. 3. Academic Aspect of Qualitative Research A Holistic Way of Creating
Pattern Languages of Practices
1. Operational Aspect of Editing and Expression2. Creative Aspect of Semantic Inquiry Takashi Iba, 2024

16. A Crafting Process of Pattern Languages of Practices
Developed by Takashi Iba and sophisticated through practices at Iba Lab and CreativeShift, Inc.

18. Mining Dialogue
Pattern Materials

19. On Mining Dialogue
Takashi Iba and Taichi Isaku, "Holistic Pattern-Mining Patterns: A
Pattern Language for Pattern Mining on a Holistic Approach," in the
19th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP 2012), 2012.

20. Mining Interview
Pattern Materials

22. Mining Interview (Online)

23. On Mining Interview
Takashi Iba and Joseph Yoder, "Mining Interview Patterns: Patterns for
Effectively Obtaining Seeds of Patterns," in the 10th Latin American
Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (SugarLoafPLoP 2014), 2014.

26. After transcribing all the interviews, significant parts
are extracted. Each member notes what they deem
important, summarizes those sections, and then, in
teams of two or three, cross-references their notes to
pinpoint the truly significant parts.

27. When engaging in
Essence Intuition, the
basic approach is to
search for
commonalities in
everyone's
experiences of that
kind.
Nishi 1-P9-10 PC
Listen to people who
eloquently explain
their feelings in a
way that resonates
with me, and imitate
them.
Nishi 1-P11 PC
Through discussion
forums like seminars,
try to verbalize how I
feel while
incorporating the
perspective of how
others may feel.
Nishi 1-P10 PC
Put into words how I
feel and why and
how it is good.
Nishi 1-P11 PC
Be aware of how
the other person
has received my
message and if my
way of expressing it
didn't get through.
Nishi 1-P11 PC
Listen to the other
person's story until the
end, and thoroughly
inquire (confirm) until
I can sense the
context in which
they are speaking
and the feelings and
thoughts they hold.
Nishi 1-P13 PC
Examples of Material Cards

28. These key points are then noted on Material cards.
Once all the interview Material cards are prepared,
with each interviewee's cards on differently colored
paper, it is time to move on to the next phase.

31. Clustering
clusters =
Pattern Ingredients
Process to discover deep-level connections
between the mined information.

32. KJ Method (KJ-Ho)
•Method for created by Japanese Anthropologist
Kawakita, Jiro (hence the name)
•NOT a process of categorization (into existing
categories), but rather a bottom-up process of
discovering new categories of classifying information
• Based on the anthropological philosophy of not bringing
in existing concepts from your culture, but rather
discovering cultural concepts through pure observation.
•The physical distance between two notes 

should represent their closeness in meaning 

of these ideas

33. “After a while, a feeling of familiarity will appear
among the pieces of note. There will appear noticeable
connections between the notes, such as that ‘this note is
saying the same thing as that note’ or ‘these notes are
highly similar.’ Once such connections are found, move
the pieces of note next to each other. In this way,
groups of note will begin to appear throughout the entire
table. Small teams of individual pieces of note, in a
sense.”
Jiro Kawakita, Hassouho: Sozosei Kaihatsu notameni [Abuduction Method: For
Development of Creativity], in Japanese, Chuokoronsha, 1967
p.74

34. “What should be given the most attention is to cluster
pieces of note that feel similar to each other, and when
doing this, the power of feeling must come first.
However, those with little experience are inclined to
cluster based on reason more so than by listening to their
feeling. Namely, they think such that ‘note A and note B
should be clustered together for this and that
reason.’”
p.58
Jiro Kawakita, Hassouho: Sozosei Kaihatsu notameni [Abuduction Method: For
Development of Creativity], in Japanese, Chuokoronsha, 1967

35. Starting from Chaos
The KJ-method is a slow
process: resist the urge to
introduce categories, axes, etc
for a quick solution. Observe
as order emerge throughout
the process.
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

36. One to One Comparison
elements must be considered
on a one-to-one relationship:
potential categories shall not
be thought of.
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

37. Hidden Meanings
Be aware of the two possible
results when grouping patterns:
Grouping them could either a)
abstract the idea to blur its
meaning, or b) strengthen e/o by
highlighting aspects that may be
hidden as a single idea
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

38. Firstly be an
end user
yourself
Be an
end user
Bought a
condominium
in the first year
after graduating
university
Bought a
condominium
and found
problems
occurring during
the purchase
Think about
what to do from
the existing
problems
(problem solving)
Found the
problems in the
community by
actually living
in it.
Feel what
the problem is
firsthand
Came up with
“Cooperative
House” as the
result of being
an end user of
a condominium
When purchasing
the condo,
the developer
was very
inflexible
to alterations
Ask ”why”
against the rule,
and find a way
to breakthrough
Think of “how”
you can
achieve it
Do what
everyone can’t
do to win.
A person who
can grab a
chance is a
person who
can make an
effort

39. Firstly be an
end user
yourself
Be an
end user
Bought a
condominium
in the first year
after graduating
university
Bought a
condominium
and found
problems
occurring during
the purchase
Think about
what to do from
the existing
problems
(problem solving)
Found the
problems in the
community by
actually living
in it.
Feel what
the problem is
firsthand
Came up with
“Cooperative
House” as the
result of being
an end user of
a condominium
When purchasing
the condo,
the developer
was very
inflexible
to alterations
Ask ”why”
against the rule,
and find a way
to breakthrough
Think of “how”
you can
achieve it
Do what
everyone can’t
do to win.
A person who
can grab a
chance is a
person who
can make an
effort

40. Talking while Moving
The KJ method is a
collaborative process: always
consult with your group
members when you think an
element should be moved.
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

41. “As many small teams gradually form and there are
many clustered, take a close look at one of the teams.
Let’s say that there is a team consisting of five pieces of
note. The reason those five pieces of note were gathered
together is because there was some sort of feeling of
affinity. However, now looking at them for the second
time, it is now necessary to read into the five pieces of
note in detail. Read thoroughly, and reconsider
logically ‘why these five pieces of note should be
clustered together.’”
Jiro Kawakita, Hassouho: Sozosei Kaihatsu notameni [Abuduction Method: For
Development of Creativity], in Japanese, Chuokoronsha, 1967
p.74

42. Firstly be an
end user
yourself
Be an
end user
Bought a
condominium
in the first year
after graduating
university
Bought a
condominium
and found
problems
occurring during
the purchase
Think about
what to do from
the existing
problems
(problem solving)
Found the
problems in the
community by
actually living
in it.
Feel what
the problem is
firsthand
Came up with
“Cooperative
House” as the
result of being
an end user of
a condominium
When purchasing
the condo,
the developer
was very
inflexible
to alterations
Ask ”why”
against the rule,
and find a way
to breakthrough
Think of “how”
you can
achieve it
Do what
everyone can’t
do to win.
A person who
can grab a
chance is a
person who
can make an
effort

43. Discovering Islands
Once you have the feeling that
all of the elements are “in the
correct place,” lightly circle
around each cluster to cut out
potential groupings for patterns.
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

44. Doubting Clusters
Once clusters start to formate,
take the chance to reconsider
each of the groups: some
groups may convey their
message when broken up into
smaller clusters. Do not be afraid
to reorganize already-formed
clusters.
Excerpts from Pattern Mining Patterns

45. On Clustering
Takashi Iba, Ayaka Yoshikawa, and Konomi Munakata, "Philosophy and
Methodology of Clustering in Pattern Mining: Japanese Anthropologist Jiro
Kawakita's KJ Method," in the PLoP '17: Proceedings of the 24th Conference on
Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP 2017), Article No.12, ACM, pp.1-11, 2017.

48. For each cluster resulting from the clustering process,
summarize its meaning and create Ingredient cards
with the summarized meaning written on them.
Ingredient cards
Material cards

49. Sincerely try to get close
to everyone and
empathize with them,
verifying your intuition
while checking the
surrounding sensations;
This helps relativize your
own thoughts and
continuously strive to find a
common understanding that
everyone can agree on.
31 MDC
34 MDC
32 MDC
35 MDC
33 MDC
36 MDC
By overlapping your
own experiences with
those of others, seek
out what is common to
everyone's experiences
of that kind.
When integrating what
multiple people have said,
such as "Mr. A, Mr. B, and
Mr. C are all saying this,"
look for commonalities to
deepen the most
important part of what
they are essentially
saying, so that it doesn't
become superficial.
By continuously
connecting convictions
and extracting the
conditions for the
existence of the object's
conviction, extract the true
essence, rather than
thinking you were sure
about something but finding
out it was different after
some time has passed.
Always approach with
the attitude that what
you have observed is
subject to updates,
and continue to open
up whether
everyone can
confirm it in
hindsight. Present about three
diverse examples that
are similar but of
different qualities, and
extract the structure
that is common to all of
them, even if the
imagination is changed.
Examples of Ingredient Cards

52. Example: System of Patterns in Words for a Dialogue

53. Example: System of Patterns in Online Education Patterns

54. Systematization

55. Systematization, Phase ① to ③

56. Identifying Three Main Parts that Constitute the Whole
and Classifying Pattern Ingredients into the Main Parts
① ②

57. Systematization, Phase ① to ③

58. Systematization, Phase ④ to ⑥

59. “The image of the differentiating process is the growth of an
embryo.
It starts as a single cell. The cell grows into a ball of cells.
Then, through a series of differentiations, each building on
the last, the structure becomes more and more complex, until
a finished human being is formed.
The first thing that happens is that this ball gets an inside, a
middle layer, and an outside: the endoderm, mesoderm, and
ectoderm, which will later turn into skeleton, flesh, and skin,
respectively.”
Christopher Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building, Oxford University Press, 1979
/p.370

60. “these parts and entities are rarely pre-existing. They are
more often themselves created by the wholeness. This
apparent paradox (seeming paradoxical only because of the
simple- minded way in which it is expressed) is a
fundamental issue in the nature of wholeness: the wholeness
is made of parts; the parts are created by the wholeness.
To understand wholeness we must have a conception in
which "parts" and wholes work in this holistic way.”
Christopher Alexander
Christopher Alexander, The Nature of Order, BOOK ONE: The Phenomenon of Life, The Center for Environmental Structure, 2002
p.84

61. Every member ponders the important aspects of the
practice as a whole, shares their thoughts, and
discusses to determine the three main parts.
Differentiation from a Whole

62. Systematization

63. On Systematization
Takashi Iba, "Systematization of Patterns: How to Craft a Pattern Language as a
Whole," in the 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP 2021),
2021.

66. CPS Writing / Pattern Writing

67. On Pattern Writing
Takashi Iba, "A Practical Guide on Pattern Writing for Pattern Languages of
Practices," in the 28th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP
2021), 2021.

70. Confirmation Dialogue

73. Practitioners Review

76. Visualizing the essence of the pattern
with attractive and touching expression
Pattern Illustrating in Pattern Symbolizing

77. Pattern Illustrating

78. Confirmation Dialogue

79. On Pattern Illustrating
Natsumi Miyazaki, Rika Sakuraba, Kaori Harasawa, and Takashi Iba, “Pattern
Illustrating Patterns: A Pattern Language for Pattern Illustrating," in the PLoP
'15: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs
(PLoP 2015), No.5, ACM, pp.1–15, 2015.

80. On Pattern Illustration Design
Takashi Iba, Yuka Banno, and Hinako Ando, "Principles of Pattern Illustration
Design," in the EuroPLoP '21: Proceedings of the 26th European Conference on
Pattern Languages of Programs (EuroPLoP 2021), Article No.31, ACM, pp.1–25,
2021.

81. A Crafting Process of Pattern Languages of Practices
Developed by Takashi Iba and sophisticated through practices at Iba Lab and CreativeShift, Inc.

82. Pattern Mining
Pattern Symbolizing
Pattern Writing
Pattern Language
Creation
Drawing a Map
Grasping the
Mined ElementsGroup Thinking
Finding Overlaps
Environment
for Focusing
Element
Comprehension
Element Pairing
Talking while Moving
Expanding Hunches
Iterative Questioning
Active Inquiry
Discovering the Islands
Mapping Islands
Experience Mining
Strategy for
Discoveries
Searching through
Conversing
Collecting Clues
Grasping the Process
Own Gut Feeling
Mining Atmosphere
One Section at a Time
Chain Conversations
Inducing Talks
Quantity over Quality
Qualitative Memory
Idea Deposit
Digging for the
Seeds of Patterns
Label Making
Structure
Building
The C-P-S
Island Decoding
Recallable Labels
Finishing the Labels
The Whole and the Parts
Pincer Structuring
Position Confirmation
Writer Assignment
CPS Writing
Finishing the CPS
Inquiry by Writing
Materials
for Inquiring
Meticulous
Deepening
Persistence
to Improve
Grasp the Source
Personal Parallels
Leaving Footprints
Searching Around
Deep Diving
Take a Step Back
Going Beyond
the Individual
Spiral Growth
Enduring Curiosity
Expressions that
Move People
Insightful
Persuasive
Empathetic
Push on the Back
Grasping the Problem
New Perspective
Finding the Essence
Sentence Tweaking
Finishing it
as Literature
Reader's Context
Evolving Feelings
Words to be Shared
Building a View
of the World
Weaving
the Whole
A Different World
Media to Create
the Future
Creating
Coherence
Top-Down Gazing
Making
Connections
Drawingan IdealTrustable Vision
Author's Sense
Making Change
Common Language
Proposing
new Aesthetics
Creating Words
Expressing
the Essence
Words for
Daily Use
Symbol of
the Future
Essence Behind
the Sentence
New Words
Inquiry for the
Perfect Expression
Imaginable Words
Memorable Words
Adaptable Words
Atmosphere
of the Word
Easy First Step
Capture the World
Image Drawing
A Symbolic Piece
Paint a World
Breathe Life
From the Whole
to the Parts
Line of Expression
Intuitive
Comprehension
Image Depth
Stand in the Scene
Natural Expressions
Natural Cuteness
Be in their Shoes
Creating Excitement
Editing Literature
Grabbing Hook
Qualitative Depth
User-Friendly
Layout
Meaning Refinement
Emotional Pull-in
Poetic Softness
Wide Range
Order of
Development
Borrowing Quality
Layout
with Contrast
Cushion Space
Natural Flow
A Pattern Language for Creating Pattern Languages
Takashi Iba, Taichi Isaku, “Creating a Pattern Language for Creating Pattern Languages: 364 Patterns
for Pattern Mining, Writing, and Symbolizing,” PLoP '16: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on
Pattern Languages of Programs, ACM, 2016

83. On Pattern Language Crafting
Takashi Iba and Taichi Isaku, "A Pattern Language for Creating Pattern
Languages: 364 Patterns for Pattern Mining, Writing, and Symbolizing," in the
PLoP '16: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Pattern Languages of
Programs (PLoP 2016), Article No.11, ACM, pp.1–63, 2016.

84. 3. Academic Aspect of Qualitative Research A Holistic Way of Creating
Pattern Languages of Practices1. Operational Aspect of Editing and Expression
2. Creative Aspect of Semantic InquiryTakashi Iba, 2024

85. Abduction
Essence Intuition
2. Creative Aspect of Semantic Inquiry

86. Abduction
A logical inference that forms a hypothesis
about the cause based on the result

87. “Abduction is the process of forming an explanatory
hypothesis. It is the only logical operation which introduces
ant new idea”
Charles Sanders Peirce, Pragmatism and Pragmaticism and Scientific Metaphysics
(Volumes Ⅴ and Ⅵ), Belknap Press, 1935Charles. S. Peirce
“These three kinds of reasoning are Abduction, Induction,
and Deduction”
“Deduction proves that something must be; Induction shows
that something actually is operative; Abduction merely
suggests that something may be.”

88. Charles Sanders Peirce, Pragmatism and Pragmaticism and Scientific Metaphysics
(Volumes Ⅴ and Ⅵ), Belknap Press, 1935
Charles. S. Peirce
“The form of inference, therefore, is this:
The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.”

89. A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ Could it be that A is true?
The fundamental form of
Abduction
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
“
”The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.

90. A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ Could it be that A is true?
The fundamental form of
Abduction
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
A
C
AC
② If A (S is M) is true,
then naturally, C will
occur.
① It was discovered that
Fact C (the elements of
M and S are common).
③ It could be true that A (S is M)?
It is known that the
elements of the same
thing are the same.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
PIPIIPIIIPIV
S
PIPIIPIIIPIV
M
=PIPIIPIIIPIV PIPIIPIIIPIV
M=S
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common ElementsAbduction for Specifying Means from the Goal
A
C
② If A is realized, then
naturally, C will occur.
① There is a state C
that we are aiming for.
③ It could be A
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
AC
(It is reasonable to think
that) If A is realized,
then C will occur.
Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
Three Types of
Abduction
in Pattern Language
Crafting

91. Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
Type I
“The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.”
in Pattern Language
Crafting

92. Abduction for Specifying Means from the Goal
A
C
② If A is realized, then
naturally, C will occur.
① There is a state C
that we are aiming for.
③ It could be A
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
AC
(It is reasonable to think
that) If A is realized,
then C will occur.
“The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.”
Type II
in Pattern Language
Crafting

93. Charles Sanders Peirce, Principles of Philosophy and Elements of Logic
(Volumes I and II), Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, 1932
Charles. S. Peirce
“Hypothesis
Any M is, for instance, P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.
S is P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.;
∴ S is probably M.”

94. A
C
AC
② If A (S is M) is true,
then naturally, C will
occur.
① It was discovered that
Fact C (the elements of
M and S are common).
③ It could be true that A (S is M)?
It is known that the
elements of the same
thing are the same.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
PIPIIPIIIPIV
S
PIPIIPIIIPIV
M
=PIPIIPIIIPIV PIPIIPIIIPIV
M=S
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common Elements
“The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.”
Type III
in Pattern Language
Crafting
Any M is, for instance, P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.
S is P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.;
∴ S is probably M.

95. Essence Intuition
Seeing the universal essence of
the meaning a subject holds,
with its individual contingencies stripped away.

96. Charles Sanders Peirce, Principles of Philosophy and Elements of Logic
(Volumes I and II), Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, 1932
Edmund Husserl
“it is then exclusively directed toward the invariant essential
forms. For instance, the phenomenology of perception of
bodies will no be [simply] a report on the factually occurring
perceptions or those to be expected; rather it will be the
presentation of invariant structural systems without which
perception of a body and a synthetically concordant
multiplicity of perceptions of one and the same body as such
would be unthinkable.” (Husserl, 1929, p.165)

97. Charles Sanders Peirce, Principles of Philosophy and Elements of Logic
(Volumes I and II), Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, 1932
Edmund Husserl
“If we would touch on the thing itself, then it is required of
us, assuming we wanted to grasp the essence of the thing and
determine it conceptually... it is necessary to ‘follow up’ the
perceptually meant in a perceiving and experiencing, be it
actually experiencing or just phantasizing. The task is to
presentify to oneself (if need be, by free fiction) series of
perceptions connecting up together in a continuous way, in
which the perceived object is one and the same and thereby
shows, in the progression of the perceptions, in an ever more
perfect way, what lies in it, what belongs to its essence.”
(Husserl, 1952, p.37)

98. Charles Sanders Peirce, Principles of Philosophy and Elements of Logic
(Volumes I and II), Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, 1932
Free variation in Imagination
Thing that can be
called a table
Things that cannot
be called a table
Edmund Husserl
“Starting from this table-perception as an example, we vary
the perceptual object, table, with a completely free
optionalness, yet in such a manner that we keep perception
fixed as perception of something, no matter what. Perhaps we
begin by fictively changing the shape or the color of the
object quite arbitrarily, keeping identical only its perceptual
appearing.” (Husserl, 1950a, p.70)

99. Field of consciousness
a table
Grasping the invariant factor
common to all cases.
Describing that essence in words
“.............”
Free variation in Imagination
The essence (meaning) of 'table'
The essence description of 'table'
Essence Intuition
(Eidetic Reduction)

100. A Crafting Process of Pattern Languages of Practices
Developed by Takashi Iba and sophisticated through practices at Iba Lab and CreativeShift, Inc.

101. Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
Type I
in Pattern Language
Crafting

102. CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
This person, who has
achieved good results,
must have rules of thumb.
[Practitioner] It is important
to do this (What/How) to
achieve good results
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
The problem likely arises
because such forces are
at play.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
The importance of that
lies in avoiding such
problems.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
InquiryInquiry
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Inquiry
Inquiry
Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore

103. Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materi
Extraction
Mining Targets
Selection


g
Pa
Ma

Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
This person, who has
achieved good results,
must have rules of thumb.
[Practitioner] It is important
to do this (What/How) to
achieve good results
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.

104. CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full D
Imp

Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog





Many
Times
















The problem likely arises
because such forces are
at play.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
The importance of that
lies in avoiding such
problems.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Inquiry
Inquiry

105. CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
This person, who has
achieved good results,
must have rules of thumb.
[Practitioner] It is important
to do this (What/How) to
achieve good results
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
The problem likely arises
because such forces are
at play.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
The importance of that
lies in avoiding such
problems.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
InquiryInquiry
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Inquiry
Inquiry
Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore

106. CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
Misunderstandings or
unexpected reactions
probably arose from this
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
Inquiry
InquiryInquiry
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
Abduction for Deriving Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore

107. Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Systematization
firmation
Dialog


Practitioners
Review


Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds






This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
Inquiry
Inquiryquiry











p
tent or expression.


Inquiry

p
content or expression.


Inquiry
















p
content or expression.


Inquiry

p
content or expression.


Inquiry

108. Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing






Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop

Re-Systematization

g
unexpected reactions
probably arose from this
content or expression.

















Inquiry










This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry















This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry
This discomfort seems to
stem from this part of the
content or expression.
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
Inquiry

109. Abduction for Specifying Means from the Goal
A
C
② If A is realized, then
naturally, C will occur.
① There is a state C
that we are aiming for.
③ It could be A
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
AC
(It is reasonable to think
that) If A is realized,
then C will occur.
Type II
in Pattern Language
Crafting

110. CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
It seems that the entire
high-quality practice is
composed of these.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
If these materials belong to
the same group, then they
must share this meaning.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
If this pattern is in this position,
then it should have this content.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
It seems that such content is
currently lacking to achieve
high-quality practice.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
The name representing
the content of this pattern
should probably be words
like these.
To craft an illustration that
symbolically represents the
content of this pattern, it
should probably be
expressed like this.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
As an attractive introduction
to this pattern, it should
probably be a sentence
like this.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
To ensure readers feel the
intended sentiment, the
expression should be like this.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
Inquiry
Inquiry
Inquiry
InquiryInquiry
Inquiry
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Inquiry
Inquiry
Abduction for Specifying Means from the Goal
A
C
② If A is realized, then
naturally, C will occur.
① There is a state C
that we are aiming for.
③ It could be A
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
AC
(It is reasonable to think
that) If A is realized,
then C will occur.

111. attern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Systematization
on


Practitioners
Review


Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
It seems that the entire
high-quality practice is
composed of these.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
If these materials belong to
the same group, then they
must share this meaning.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
If this pattern is in this position,
then it should have this content.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.





























Inquiry
Inquiry
Inquiry

112. Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog




























Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
The name representing
the content of this pattern
should probably be words
like these.
To craft an illustration that
symbolically represents the
content of this pattern, it
should probably be
expressed like this.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal
As an attractive introduction
to this pattern, it should
probably be a sentence
like this.
Abduction for Specifying
Means from the Goal



Abduction for
Means from
Inquiry
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Essence Intuition
The essence that applies
to other cases is likely this.
Inquiry
Inquiry

113. A
C
AC
② If A (S is M) is true,
then naturally, C will
occur.
① It was discovered that
Fact C (the elements of
M and S are common).
③ It could be true that A (S is M)?
It is known that the
elements of the same
thing are the same.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
PIPIIPIIIPIV
S
PIPIIPIIIPIV
M
=PIPIIPIIIPIV PIPIIPIIIPIV
M=S
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common Elements
“The surprising fact, C, is observed;
But if A were true, C would be a matter of course,
Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true.”
“Hypothesis
Any M is, for instance,
P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.
S is P’ P’’ P’’’, etc.;
∴ S is probably M.”
Type III
in Pattern Language
Crafting

114. A
C
AC
② If A (S is M) is true,
then naturally, C will
occur.
① It was discovered that
Fact C (the elements of
M and S are common).
③ It could be true that A (S is M)?
It is known that the
elements of the same
thing are the same.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
PIPIIPIIIPIV
S
PIPIIPIIIPIV
M
=PIPIIPIIIPIV PIPIIPIIIPIV
M=S
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common Elements
CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
The meaning of that material
and this material is semantically
similar.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
This episode of experience is
probably the same as that one
of mine.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
Inquiry
Inquiry

115. Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Patt
Clustering
Confirmation
Dialog
ets


Mining
Pattern
Materials

The meaning of that material
and this material is semantically
similar.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
This episode of experience is
probably the same as that one
of mine.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
Inquiry

116. A
C
AC
② If A (S is M) is true,
then naturally, C will
occur.
① It was discovered that
Fact C (the elements of
M and S are common).
③ It could be true that A (S is M)?
It is known that the
elements of the same
thing are the same.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
PIPIIPIIIPIV
S
PIPIIPIIIPIV
M
=PIPIIPIIIPIV PIPIIPIIIPIV
M=S
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common Elements
CPS
Writing
Full Description
Writing
Full Description
Improvement
Full Description
Finishing
Pattern Writing
Confirmation
Dialog
Pattern
Naming
Pattern
Illustrating
Introduction
Writing
Maturation
Pattern Symbolizing
Confirmation
Dialog
Practice Area
Determination
Mining Dialog
or Mining Interview
Pattern Materials
Extraction
Pattern Ingredients
Writing
Seed Summary
Writing
Clustering Systematization
Confirmation
Dialog
Mining Targets
Selection
Many
Times
Practitioners
Review
Practitioners
Review
User Test
Writers’
Workshop
Pattern Mining
Re-Systematization
Pattern
Materials
Pattern
Ingredients
Pattern
Seeds
The meaning of that material
and this material is semantically
similar.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
This episode of experience is
probably the same as that one
of mine.
Abduction for Identifying
Based on Common
Elements
Inquiry
Inquiry

124. 3. Academic Aspect of Qualitative Research
A Holistic Way of Creating
Pattern Languages of Practices1. Operational Aspect of Editing and Expression 2. Creative Aspect of Semantic Inquiry Takashi Iba, 2024

125. Grounded Essence Approach
(GEA)
Fact- and Experience-Based Science of Essence
Proposed by Takashi Iba, 2004

126. Grounded Essence Approach (GEA)
A.Pattern
Description
Confirmation
B. Pattern
Existence
Confirmation
C. Pattern
Effectiveness
Confirmation
A1. Writers’ Workshop
C1. Thinking Support Effect
B1. Example Demonstration
A2. User Review
C2. Practice Guide Effect
B2. Experience survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
A3. Expert Review
C3. Dialogue Generation Effect
B3. Preference survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
Examples of
Each Pattern
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Search for cases
that apply to
the pattern
Highlight
specific
examples
Mining Source / Existing Cases Practitioners / People you want to support
Ask about
the patterns
being practiced
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Experiences of
each pattern
Number of
practitioners
for each pattern
Collecting
responses
Practitioners / People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Ask about the
patterns desired
for practice
Expectations
and plans for
each pattern
The number of
people who
want to apply
each pattern
Collecting
responses
Pattern writers in the same
or related field
Ask them to
read and hold
a discussion
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Intended users
Transcription/
Analysis
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version) Thoughts/
Comments
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Evaluation/
Comments
Experts in the field
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the patterns to
support thinking
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in practice
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in dialogue
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
Confirmation that it is working
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Ask them
to read
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Transcription/
Analysis
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Ask them
to read


Constructing Internal Validity
during Crafting
Confirming External Validity
after Crafting
Domain of
Meaning
Interface with
Facts
(Collective)
Field of
Consciousness
Mining
Transcription
Mining Interview
Mining Dialogue
Mining Research
Material
Cards
Ingredient
Cards
Narrative and description
of what is important
Key
Extraction
Clustering
Past Events
Experiences
(Empirical
Factual World)
Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Pattern
Writing
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Transcribing
Ask to read
the draft
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Pattern
Illustrating
Finishing
Seed (CPS)
Pattern
Description
Pattern Description
with Illustration
Incorporation
and revision
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
Provisional
Final Version
Has anything
important been missed?
Incorporation
and revision
Interface with
Deep Feeling
Mining
Transcription
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
Mining
Transcription
Incorporation
and revision
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Ask to read
the draft
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
similarity in meaning
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is essential/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it essential
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
wanting to practice/
The feeling that
others would also
wanting to practice
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is attractive/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it attractive
(The researcher's
own) sensethat
it has reached
the highest quality
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback


for Pattern Language Crafting as Qualitative Research

127. Domain of
Meaning
Interface with
Facts
(Collective)
Field of
Consciousness
Mining
Transcription
Mining Interview
Mining Dialogue
Mining Research
Material
Cards
Ingredient
Cards
Narrative and description
of what is important
Key
Extraction
Clustering
Past Events
Experiences
(Empirical
Factual World)
Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Pattern
Writing
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Transcribing
Ask to read
the draft
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Pattern
Illustrating
Finishing
Seed (CPS)
Pattern
Description
Pattern Description
with Illustration
Incorporation
and revision
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
Provisional
Final Version
Has anything
important been missed?
Incorporation
and revision
Interface with
Deep Feeling
Mining
Transcription
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
Mining
Transcription
Incorporation
and revision
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Ask to read
the draft
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
similarity in meaning
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is essential/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it essential
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
wanting to practice/
The feeling that
others would also
wanting to practice
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is attractive/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it attractive
(The researcher's
own) sensethat
it has reached
the highest quality
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback


Constructing Internal Validity during Crafting

128. Domain of
Meaning
Interface with
Facts


s
Mining
Transcription
Mining Interview
Mining Dialogue
Mining Research
Material
Cards
Ingredient
Cards
Narrative and description
of what is important
Key
Extraction
Clustering
Past Events
Experiences
(Empirical
Factual World)
Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Patt
Writ
Practitioners Review
ExpePast Events
Transcribing
Ask to read
the draft


Seed (CPS)


Incorporatio
and revisio
Con
Express
Fe


Has anything
important been missed?




Mining
Transcription
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
















































D
my
an
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description

129. Ingredient
Cards






Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Pattern
Writing
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Ask to read
the draft
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Pattern
Illustrating
Finishing
Seed (CPS)
Pattern
Description
Pattern Description
with Illustration
Incorporation
and revision
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
Provisional
Final Version
Has anything
important been missed?
Incorporation
and revision


Mining
Transcription
alling and
g the source
ive content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
Mining
Transcription
Incorporation
and revision
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Ask to read
the draft
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples


































Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback

130. Domain of
Meaning
Interface with
Facts
(Collective)
Field of
Consciousness
Mining
Transcription
Mining Interview
Mining Dialogue
Mining Research
Material
Cards
Ingredient
Cards
Narrative and description
of what is important
Key
Extraction
Clustering
Past Events
Experiences
(Empirical
Factual World)
Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Pattern
Writing
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Transcribing
Ask to read
the draft
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Pattern
Illustrating
Finishing
Seed (CPS)
Pattern
Description
Pattern Description
with Illustration
Incorporation
and revision
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
Provisional
Final Version
Has anything
important been missed?
Incorporation
and revision
Interface with
Deep Feeling
Mining
Transcription
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
Mining
Transcription
Incorporation
and revision
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Ask to read
the draft
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
similarity in meaning
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is essential/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it essential
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
wanting to practice/
The feeling that
others would also
wanting to practice
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is attractive/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it attractive
(The researcher's
own) sensethat
it has reached
the highest quality
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback


Researchers as Instruments for Measuring Deep Feeling

131. “in order to measure this degree of life, it is difficult to use
what, in present-day science, are conventionally regarded as
“objective” method. Instead, to get practical results, we must
use ourselves as measuring instruments, in a new form of
measuring process which relies (necessarily) on the
human observer and that observer’s obstruction of his or
her own inner state.”
Christopher Alexander
Christopher Alexander, The Nature of Order, BOOK ONE: The Phenomenon of Life, The Center for Environmental Structure, 2002

132. A.Pattern
Description
Confirmation
B. Pattern
Existence
Confirmation
C. Pattern
Effectiveness
Confirmation
A1. Writers’ Workshop
C1. Thinking Support Effect
B1. Example Demonstration
A2. User Review
C2. Practice Guide Effect
B2. Experience survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
A3. Expert Review
C3. Dialogue Generation Effect
B3. Preference survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
Examples of
Each Pattern
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Search for cases
that apply to
the pattern
Highlight
specific
examples
Mining Source / Existing Cases Practitioners / People you want to support
Ask about
the patterns
being practiced
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Experiences of
each pattern
Number of
practitioners
for each pattern
Collecting
responses
Practitioners / People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Ask about the
patterns desired
for practice
Expectations
and plans for
each pattern
The number of
people who
want to apply
each pattern
Collecting
responses
Pattern writers in the same
or related field
Ask them to
read and hold
a discussion
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Intended users
Transcription/
Analysis
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version) Thoughts/
Comments
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Evaluation/
Comments
Experts in the field
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the patterns to
support thinking
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in practice
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in dialogue
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
Confirmation that it is working
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Ask them
to read
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Transcription/
Analysis
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Ask them
to read

Confirming External Validity after Crafting

133. A.Pattern
Description
Confirmation
B. Pattern
Existence
Confirmation


A1. Writers’ Workshop

B1. Example Demonstration
A2. User Review

B2. Experience survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
A3. Expert Review

B3. Preference survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
Examples of
Each Pattern
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Search for cases
that apply to
the pattern
Highlight
specific
examples

Ask about
the patterns
being practiced
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Experiences of
each pattern
Number of
practitioners
for each pattern
Collecting
responses

Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Ask about the
patterns desired
for practice
Expectations
and plans for
each pattern
The number of
people who
want to apply
each pattern
Collecting
responses
Pattern writers in the same
or related field
Ask them to
read and hold
a discussion
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Intended users
Transcription/
Analysis
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version) Thoughts/
Comments
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Evaluation/
Comments
Experts in the field



































Confirmation that it is working
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Ask them
to read
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Transcription/
Analysis
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Ask them
to read

134. A.Pattern
Description
Confirmation
B. Pattern
Existence
Confirmation
C. Pattern
Effectiveness
Confirmation

C1. Thinking Support Effect
B1. Example Demonstration

C2. Practice Guide Effect
B2. Experience survey
(qualitative and quantitative)

C3. Dialogue Generation Effect
B3. Preference survey
(qualitative and quantitative)
Examples of
Each Pattern
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Search for cases
that apply to
the pattern
Highlight
specific
examples
Mining Source / Existing Cases Practitioners / People you want to support
Ask about
the patterns
being practiced
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Experiences of
each pattern
Number of
practitioners
for each pattern
Collecting
responses
Practitioners / People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Ask about the
patterns desired
for practice
Expectations
and plans for
each pattern
The number of
people who
want to apply
each pattern
Collecting
responses
Pattern writers in the same
or related field
Ask them to
read and hold
a discussion
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback


Intended users
Transcription/
Analysis




Comments
Experts in the field

Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the patterns to support thinking
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection

Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern in practice
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection

Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern in dialogue
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
Confirmation that it is working
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Ask them
to read
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Transcription/
Analysis
Confirmation that it is working
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Minor adjustments
if necessary
Reaction
Observation/
Feedback
Ask them
to read

135. B. Pattern
Existence
Confirmation
C. Pattern
Effectiveness
Confirmation

C1. Thinking Support Effect


C2. Practice Guide Effect



C3. Dialogue Generation Effect


Examples of
Each Pattern
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Search for cases
that apply to
the pattern
Highlight
specific
examples
Mining Source / Existing Cases Practitioners / People you want to support
Ask about
the patterns
being practiced
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Experiences of
each pattern
Number of
practitioners
for each pattern
Collecting
responses
Practitioners / People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Ask about the
patterns desired
for practice
Expectations
and plans for
each pattern
The number of
people who
want to apply
each pattern
Collecting
responses















People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the patterns to
support thinking
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in practice
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection
People you want to support
Pattern Language
(Provisional Version)
Encourage
the use of
the pattern
in dialogue
Observation /
Measurement/
Interviewing
Change
and Effect
Experience
Stories/
Reflection

136. On Grounded Essence Approach (GEA)
Domain of
Meaning
Interface with
Facts
(Collective)
Field of
Consciousness
Mining
Transcription
Mining Interview
Mining Dialogue
Mining Research
Material
Cards
Ingredient
Cards
Narrative and description
of what is important
Key
Extraction
Clustering
Past Events
Experiences
(Empirical
Factual World)
Systematization
Seed (CPS)
Writing
System
Pattern
Writing
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Transcribing
Ask to read
the draft
Practitioners Review
ExperiencesPast Events
Pattern
Illustrating
Finishing
Seed (CPS)
Pattern
Description
Pattern Description
with Illustration
Incorporation
and revision
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
Provisional
Final Version
Has anything
important been missed?
Incorporation
and revision
Interface with
Deep Feeling
Mining
Transcription
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
Incorporation
and revision
Mining
Transcription
Incorporation
and revision
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Ask to read
the draft
Recalling and
rereading the source
narrative content
Recalling and
Checking of relevant
symbolic examples
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
similarity in meaning
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is essential/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it essential
(The researcher's
own) sense of
what is important/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it important
(The researcher's
own) sense of
wanting to practice/
The feeling that
others would also
wanting to practice
(The researcher's
own) sense that
it is attractive/
The feeling that
others would also
consider it attractive
(The researcher's
own) sensethat
it has reached
the highest quality
Does it fit
my experience
and feelings?
Essence Intuition/
Essence Description
Content and
Expression Review/
Feedback
By Takashi Iba, 2024
Pattern Language Crafting with the Grounded Essence Approach (GEA)
The fundamental form of
Abduction
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ Could it be that A is true?
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
Abduction for Deriving
Causes from Results
A
C
AC
② If A is true, then it is
natural that C occurs.
① Fact C was observed.
③ It could be that A is true
(It is known that) If A
is true, then C occurs.
Case
（Hypothesis）
Result
Rule
Therefore
Abduction
The Fundamental Form and
Three Types in Pattern Language Crafting
By Takashi Iba, 2024
Abduction is a form of reasoning for hypothesis formation, which
stands alongside deduction and induction, proposed by C.S. Peirce.

137. 3. Academic Aspect of Qualitative Research
A Holistic Way of Creating
Pattern Languages of Practices
1. Operational Aspect of Editing and Expression
2. Creative Aspect of Semantic Inquiry
Takashi Iba, 2024

138. Other Handouts
Songs and Manga as New Expressive
Media for Pattern Language

139. PLoP 2024 Plenary Talk (Imagination Run Wild)
Ph.D in Media and Governance
Professor at Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
Chairman of CreativeShift, Inc.
A Holistic Way of Creating Pattern
Languages of Practices
Takashi Iba井庭 崇