A lecture on a Literature review (1).pptx

Lecture by Dr. Al Amin sir

1. Literature Review: What, Why and How? Dr. Md. Al-Amin Professor Department of Sociology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet.

2. Layout of the Presentation Introduction Literature review Objectives: why? Findings: what? Process: How? Academic conduct and misconduct Conclusion: Summary & suggestions

3. Learning Objectives/Outcomes After this session, participants will know how to: Search and select relevant literature in a systematic way. Investigate the selected literature in a systematic way. Present the results efficiently and clearly.

4. What is Literature Review? A literature review is a written summary of journals, articles, books and other documents that describe the past and current state of information on the topic of your research (study).

5. What is Literature Review? An overview of previous research on your research topic. A literature review is an objective, critical summary of published research literature relevant to a topic under consideration for research. Review is guided by your research objectives.

6. Features of Literature Review Critical analysis Objective Focused Conciseness coherence Synthesis (blending of findings)

7. The Research Topic: When Do LR? Before considering what literature to use in a research topic: first identify a topic to study and reflect on whether it is practical and useful to undertake the study (see details in Creswell,2006 ). The topic is the subject or subject matter of a proposed study. Choose a specific title.

8. Research Title Wilkinson (1999) & Creswell (2006) provides useful advice for creating a title: Be brief and avoid wasting words. Consider a title no longer than 12 words (Wilkinson, 1999; Creswell, 2006). Title maybe single or double. For example: The Application of Foucault's Disciplinary Power to Microcredit Programmes in Two Villages of Sylhet, Bangladesh (15) The Phenomenology of Poverty: The Experience of Daily L aborers in Bangladesh (12)

9. Writing a Research Question (A research question is the question around which you center your research .) Specify your specific concern or issue Decide what you want to know about the specific concern or issue Turn your specific concern (what you want to know) into a question Make sure the question is answerable Check if the question is too broad or too narrow.

10. Types of LR According to Creswell (2006), literature review can be: Integrative Theoretical Methodological

11. Types of LR In integrative review , the researchers summarizes the broad themes in the literature. In theoretical review , the researcher focuses on the extant theory that relates to the problem under study. In methodological review , the researcher focuses on the methods and definition. It provides summary, strength and weakness of the methods sections.

12. To provide background information about a research topic. To justify the rationale of the research ( see Marshall & Rossman, 2006 for details ). To demonstrate familiarity with a topic/problem. To create platform for further work and allow potential researchers to join a scholarly conversation.

13. Purpose of LR To fill the lacuna of the existing study. These gaps are : Information gap Methodological gap Theoretical gap

14. Coming to the point

15. Purpose of LR It provides a scope to generate new scholarship. It helps avoid duplication of well-established findings. To get understanding of research methodology

16. Purpose of LR Ensure the relevance of the proposed research. Helps to narrow a problem. Generates research questions and hypothesis. Generates new original ideas. Highlight flaws in previous research

17. Purpose of LR Ensure the research has not been done before (or that is not a replication study) Show where the research fits into the existing body of knowledge Enable the researcher to learn from previous theory on the subject Illustrate how the subject has been studied previously Help refine, refocus or even change the topic

18. The purposes of LR at a glance

19. Ask yourself

20. While Doing LR Ask Yourself Taylor and Protect (2008) of the University of Toronto have some useful suggested questions to ask yourself at the beginning of your reading: What is the specific thesis, problem, or research question that my literature review helps to define? What type of literature review am I conducting? Am I looking at issues of theory? Methodology? Policy? Quantitative research? Qualitative research?

21. While Doing LR Ask Yourself What is the scope of my literature review? What types of publications am I using? ( e.g., journals, books, government documents, popular media)? What discipline(s) am I working in (e.g., sociology, anthropology or political science etc.?)

22. While Doing LR Ask Yourself What is the author trying to say? Is it relevant to my research? If yes, then why? What is original about the methodology used buy the author?

23. Think and Find the Way

24. Sources of the Review of Literature Primary sources Secondary sources In the primary sources of information, the author reports his own work directly in the form of articles, books, monographs and thesis. The author summaries and complies the work done by others and gives interpretation of these findings.

25. Literature Review Process

26. . Select/search related literature Organize the studies by themes Look for what is missing in each theme. Justify the need for your study.

27. Get the Specific Way Source: Google image

28. Be Specific: Don’t get Lost in the Debris of LT Source: Google image

29. Summary of LR LR should provide an overview of the state of research. Includes materials that help you shape your argument. Resist the temptation to include everything you have read!

30. Summary of LR Balance summary and analysis as you write. Bear in mind the purpose for writing: How will this review benefits readers? How does this review contribute to your study?

31. Reference and Citation Use in-text citation properly and make the reference of the authors. You can use different citation and reference system such as, MLA, APA, Chicago, and Harvard according to the rules of the respective institutions. If you use any information without acknowledging the authors, it will be treated as plagiarism. It is an academic misconduct for which you will run the risk of punishment.

32. DO NOT DO : C C P C=Cut C=Copy P=Paste

33. How to write? You should use, where appropriate, both active and passive voice. As a general rule, use active voice unless there is good reason to use passive voice.

34. Reporting verbs Argue Assert Assume Challenge Claim Contend Contradict Describe Dispute Emphasize Establish Examine Find Maintain Note Object Observe Persuade Propose Prove Purport Recommend Refute Reject Remark Suggest Support

35. Preference for the use of tense Use future tense at proposal level where necessary But While writing the dissertation/article Use Present simple Present perfect Past tense

36. Suggestions Make a good organization of your work. Manage your time efficiently and effectively and develop note-taking skills. You should not include anything that does not suit your research topic. Read the abstract in journal articles. The research results are summarized in abstract. This gives you the information about what you look for as you read the paper.

37. Cont’d Think critically about the content of the literature. Follow appropriate citation and referring style. Otherwise, you will be accused of committing academic crime ( academic misconduct). It is called plagiarism -using other authors works without acknowledging them.

38. For Further Reading Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative. Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publication. London. Machi, L.A. and McEvoy, B.T. (2009). The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, California.

39. For Further Reading Fink, A, (2014). Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to the Paper. Sage: London. Ridley D. (2012). The Literature Review: A Step by Step Guide for Students . Sage: London.