A presentation on Basics of Design Process.ppt

This is presentation on design process

1. Design Process
Design process is a collection of
procedures and habits that help teams
design better products

2. The Process of Design
Designing is the process of making many
decisions that converts an abstract concept
into a hardware reality.
Concept Product

3. 7-Step Design Process
1.Problem definition (PDS)
2.External Search (Research)
3.Internal Search (Brainstorming)
4.Evaluation and Selection
5.Detail Design (Engineering)
6.Prototyping
7.Documentation

4. What Product?
ToyTown Top Executives
Nail Driver
Rope Climber

5. Product Design Specifications
Customer Needs
Climbs fast
Affordable as a birthday present
Fully assembled
Uses batteries for power
It is safe
Looks good
Plays music as it climbs
Glows in the dark
Last a long time

6. Product Design Specifications
Engineering Specs
Climbs at 1 ft/s or faster
Retail cost is to be less than $30
Uses 2 AA batteries (not included)
Has no removable small parts
Music loudness between 20-30 db
Luminosity is to be more than 5 W
Works for more than 3 hours on 2 AA

7. External Search
Level-I
Rope climbing toys / machines
Rope climbers (sports or circus)
Nature (spiders, bats, etc)
Level-II (Team uses friction wheels)
Hoists
Trolleys
Ski Lifts

8. Internal Search & Evaluation
Brainstorming
Generate many ideas
Evaluate against PDS
Select one to engineer

9. Lift and Drag Coefficients
(as effected by ground promimity)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
h/L
Coefficient
Drag Coefficient
Lift Coefficient Detail Design (Engineering)
MoreAbstract
Engineering Less Abstract

10. Design Process
Top-level problem definition is called PDS
(Product Design Specifications)
Problem definitions at lower levels derive
from PDS:
Sub-system design specifications.
Component design specifications.
Feature design specifications.

11. Product Development Process
Market Research
Product Design Specifications & QFD
Design Brief (Mission Statement)
Product Planning

12. Product Development Process
Concept Synthesis
PDS
Concept Evaluation
Candidate Design
Detail Design
Candidate Design
Release for Production
Prototyping

13. Detail Design
Parameter Design
Candidate Design
Release for Production
System-Level Design
Prototype Testing
Components
No Numbers
Numbers

14. Customers
People who are affected by the product
Team
Company
(Internal)
Globe
(External)

15. External Customers
EXTERNAL
End
Users
Maintenance
Society
Retailer
Buyers
Government
&
Standards

16. Internal Customers
Internal
Marketing
Legal
Manufacturing
&
Procurement
Management
Shipping

17. What Do They Want?
•End Users
–Performance& Functionality
–Affordability
–Ease of useincluding ergonomics
–Reliabilityand Long life
–Versatility
–Safety
–Low maintenanceand easy assembly
–Esthetics

18. External Customers
•Buying managers
–Low Cost/Performance
–Safety
–Ruggedness(abuse resistance)
–Ergonomics
–Long warrantees
–Reliable with Low downtime
–Low operating cost

19. External Customers
•Retailers
–Small and attractive packaging
–Long shelf life
–Low cost/performance and Exciting features
•Maintenance
–Ease of maintenance

20. External Customers
•Government / Standards / Society
–Conformance to laws and regulations
–Promotion of public health and safety
–Protection of environment
–Solution to chronic problems in society
•Traffic
•Energy
•Noise
•Drugs, abuse and other crimes
•Diversity / Social tolerance / Security

21. Internal Customers
•Management
–Make a big profit
–On time delivery
–Low failure risk
–Documentation
–Process:Conformance to company
product development process

22. Internal Customers
•Marketing
–Attractive featuresto target buyers
–Low production cost
–Esthetics
–Attractive packaging
–On time delivery
–Long Warrantees

23. Internal Customers
•Manufacturing
–Manufacturabilityusing standard
methods and schedules.
–Conformance to company documentation
formats.
–Use of products from preferred
vendors.

24. Internal Customers
•Legal
–No patent infringements
–Safety
•All required safety warnings and labels
•Designed protection against reasonable
abuse
–Codes and regulations

25. Internal Customers
•Shipping and Packaging
–Ease of user assembly
–Small packaged size
–Ability of locking or fixing sensitive
components
–Resistance against damagedue to
dropping, vibrations, moisture, heat, and
cold.

26. Performance cost Ease of useReliabilitySafety
Users ***** ***** ***** ***** *****
Buyers **** ***** ** ***** *****
Retailers*** *** *** ** **
Govrnmnt ****
Mangmnt ** **** ** ** ***
Marketng**** ***** *** **** ***

27. Product Design
Specification
•Elements of PDS
–Performance (User)
•Speed,
•Capacity,
•Power,
•Accuracy,
•etc.

28. Elements of PDS
–Environment:(User)
•Temperature range, humidity, dust and dirt,
etc.
–Life in service:(User)
•10 years, 5000 cycles, etc.
–Maintenance:(User)
•What is the market policy, what customers
accept
–Target production cost:(User)
•Cost of comparable products and company
policy.

29. Elements of PDS
•Shipping:
–Package sizes
–Damage resistance

30. Elements of PDS
•Quantity(Manufacturing)
–Determined by market analysis.
•Manufacturing facility (Manufacturing)
–Is the design constrained by existing facility?
–Are parts to be contracted and assembled in-
house?
–Does the company policy dictate certain
facilities?

31. Element of PDS
•Size and shape (Marketing)
•Weight (Marketing)
–What is the desired weight?
–Should handles or lifting points be
provided?
–Should it be modular for better
handling?
•Aesthetics (Marketing,User)
–Color, shape, form, texture, finish.
–Market research.

32. Elements of PDS
•Materials (Marketing, Codes, Regulations)
–Left to designers unless company
guidelines or regulations restrict certain
materials (asbestos, lead).
•Product life span (Marketing, Manufacturing)
–Life of a product as a marketable entity.
Several months or several years?

33. Elements of PDS
•Laws, Codes, and standards (Government)
•Ergonomics (User)

34. Elements of PDS
•Quality and reliability (Marketing)
–Company policy regarding warranties
–Competitors warranty policies
•Testing (Marketing, QA)
–What tests would be performed to verify
performance
–Standard tests

35. Elements of PDS
•Shelf life (storage) -Retail
–Possibility of rust, decay, deterioration
•Processes (company guidelines)
–Use of certain standards (GD&T for
example)
–Use of certain procedures
•Time-scales (deadlines) -Management
–Whole design project, milestones

36. Elements of PDS
•Safety (User, Government, Legal)
–What safety requirements are
mandated by government
–Professional society's codes and
standards
–Need for warning labels
–Likely degrees of abuse or
misinterpretation of operating
procedures.

37. Elements of PDS
•Company constraints (Management)
–Compatibility with other products
•Documentation (Management –Legal)
–A product design must include a full
formal documentation per company
guidelines.
–Safety, Operation, and Service
documents.
–Etc.

38. Elements of PDS
•Legal (Lawyers)
–What product liability law suits are
associated with similar products and
why.
–Note the legal terms:
•“defect of specification”
•“defect of design”
•“defect of manufacture”
–Relevant patents

39. Element of PDS
•Installation (Installers)
–Many products must interface with
other products or be assembled with
other products.
•Disposal (Society)
–Should any parts by recyclable?
–bio-degradable?

40. Wording of the PDS
Document
•Format of most statements in PDS:
–The devicemust ……..
–The deviceis to ……
–The deviceis desired to ….
•Avoid mixing requirements.
–One sentence per requirement.
•Cast PDS statements in a positive
format

41. PDS is a Dynamic
Document
•A design statement usually begins as
a vague statement
–The device is to be easy to use
–The device is to be safe
–The device is to be inexpensive
–The device is to be rugged and reliable
–The device is to be portable

42. Wording of the PDS
Document
•Example: ESCO’s Pin Remover
–The pin-remover is to be light.
–The pin-remover must work in a wet,
cold, and dusty environment.
–The Pin-remover must be safe
–The Pin-remover must have a 3-year
warranty.

43. PDS Example
•The PR is to be rugged.
•… must work with air pressure.
•… is be easy to use.
•… is to pass “HTS” tests.
•… is to last 5 years in normal usage.
•… is to be easy to carry.

44. PDS Example
•… is to sell for less than $150.
•… is to costless than $50 to make.
•… is to have low maintenance needs.
•… is to be difficult to use as a
hammer.
•… must not infringe on patented
devices.
•… Production volume is to be 300 per
year

45. PDS Example
•… is to be tested by June 2006.
•… is to be released by Sep. 2006.
•… is to be used with Dredge Point
models.
•… is to work faster than the hammer

46. Engineering
Specifications
•What is
–“Fast, accurate, high-performing”?
–“Light, Small, portable”?
–“Easy to use”?
–“Safe”?
–“Stylish”?

47. Engineering Specifications
–Verifiable PDS statements
–Developed for important PDS
statements
–Have associated target
numbers (Yes/No OK)

48. Engineering Specifications
Tips
–Set up metrics and targets
so the designer has
maximum options in
accomplishing the PDS

49. Engineering Specifications
Tips
•PDS: The Dog Feeder must not tip
over when bumped or pushed by a dog.
–Bad:The DF must weigh 50 lbs
–Good:The dog feeder must
withstand 30 lbs applied to its
top from side

50. A Typical PDS Page
•Requirement: PR is to be easy to
maintain
–Primary customer: End users
–Priority: High
–Metrics and Targets
•Daily maintenance: None
•Weekly maintenance: < 10 minutes –field
•Yearly maintenance: < 1 hour –Shop
•Cost of weekly maintenance < 10c
•Cost of yearly maintenance < $10

51. Customer
Needs
PDS
Statements
Engineering Requirements
Competition
I
M
P
O
R
T
A
N
C
E
Competition
Relation Between
Engineering and
Customer
Requirements
Target