A project report on pedestrian safety & security

Pedestrian safety and security focused in this paper

1. A Project Report on Pedestrian Safety & Security 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology In Civil Engineering By Kumar Shaswat (19101155058) Eshan (19101155055) Sudhir Kumar (19101155017) Rishi Kumar (19101155020) Under the supervision of    Dr. Jivesh Ujjwal Assistant Professor (Department of Civil Engineering) Government Engineering College Buxar July, 2023

2. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 1 Presentation Outline Introduction Motivation for the Study   Objectives of the work Literature review Methodology and Modelling Data Results & Analysis Conclusions

3. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 2 Introduction The cities or urban areas in developing countries experience a large number of fatal pedestrian crashes. In India, this number is as high as 62 fatalities per day. Enforcement of traffic rules is not sufficient to achieve safer pedestrians for vulnerable pedestrian users like pedestrians. Development of safe pedestrian infrastructure is also important for the improvement. Source:  Express Mobility Desk , Dated:15 May 2023

4. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 3 Pedestrian Crash Statistics In India Source: MINISTRY OF PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS, 2021

5. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 4 Motivation for the Study Today “Pedestrian safety & security” is one of the biggest public health issues throughout the country. Lakhs of lives are lost annually because of fatality due to pedestrian accidents, and the clock is ticking constantly.  Pedestrian safety & security cannot be undermined if we want to achieve goals of sustainable development, prosperity and growth. Pedestrian safety & security is imperative for a happy, healthy and prosperous life, of an individual as well as that of the nation. Today pedestrian traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world. 4

6. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 5 Objectives of the work To identify the important factors related to pedestrian safety & security which affect the pedestrian perception. To obtain Importance and Perception rating of pedestrian safety & security factors. To find the comparative weightage of identified factors. To calculate the Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) of study area. To identify and design policy measures for improvement of PLOS. 5

7. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 6 Literature Review Author Researches Tiwari G. the epidemiology of pedestrian crashes, pedestrian behavior, pedestrian movements and pedestrian flows. The suggested strategies to reduce pedestrian crashes have ranged from controlling vehicular speeds to controlling pedestrian behavior. Harwood DW, Bauer KM, Gilmore DK, Graham JL, Potts IB, Torbic DJ, Hauer E. Speed control through active measures have been found to have the maximal benefit and education and training programs for altering pedestrian behavior on the road the least benefits. Low and middle income countries face pedestrian exposure on high speed roads. New research efforts are required to address pedestrian safety & security in both HIC and LMICs

8. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 7 Methodology From Literature Review Perception & importance Rating Using 5-point Linkert scale Comparative Importance Using Saaty Scale (1 to 9) Calculation of PLOS Using Perception Rating, Importance Rating and Comparative Weightage Determination of PLOS of area Proposed PLOS Model Identification of Pedestrian safety & security Parameters PLOS Guideline LOS Group PLOS Score A Above 435 B 435-370 C 369-305 D 304-240 E 239-175 F Below 175     PLOS=∑ factors (Perception i × W i × 100)   Perception i is average pedestrian perception for pedestrian safety & security related to the parameters & W i is the average Weightage score of ith parameter .    

9. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 8 Methodology (Continue…) Importance survey was conducted of 5 important PLOS assessment components, identified from literature review. Importance rating was taken in ‘five point Likert Scale’ ranging from 1(not important) to 5(very important). Perception rating of primary component is collected for five different localities in Patna in five point Likert scale. Comparative importance of primary parameters is obtained by using ‘Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)’. Each respondent is asked to distribute rating value from 1 to 10 for each pair of primary parameters.

10. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 9 Formulation of the Proposed Method The PLOS Score of an area was calculated as ………………………..(1) Where, W i is the weightage score for i th parameter and P i is the perception rating of i th parameter in 1-5 scale.   Methodology  (Continue…)

11. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 10 Study Area For this study we have selected the Patna city, Bihar, India as a study area. We have identified 5 different locations namely, Boring Road, Bailey Road, Kankarbagh, Rajendra Nagar, Ashok Raj Path, etc. These areas have been selected considering the high pedestrian volume. This figure has been shown.  10

12. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 11 Data 11

13. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 12 Results & Analysis  Safety and Comfort Parameters  Weightage Score(W i )  1. Regular cleaning of pedestrial/dustbin (RCS) 0.068  2. Availability of public utilities (PU)  0.039  3. Encroachment on Pedestrial/Footpaths (EN)  0.378  4. Availability of seating facility (SF)  0.026  5. Availability of shades for pedestrians (SH)  6. Obstruction due to poles/trees on the pedestrial (OPT)  7. Effect of illegally parked vehicles on the pedestrial (IPV)   0.043  0.214  0.232 

14. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 13 Results & Analysis (continue…) Security Parameters  Weightage Score(W i )  1. Availability of CCTV cameras to record crime (CCTV)  0.158 2. Regular police patrolling during night (PPN)  0.191 3. Availability of lighting facility at night (LN) 0.178 4. Pedestrian volume at night (PVN) 5. Availability of underpass, foot overbridge, crossing signal for pedestrians (UFC) 6. Traffic control devices such as marker, signs and signal (TCS) 0.173 0.145 0.155          

15. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 14 Results & Analysis (continue…) 14 Safety & Comfort RCS(P1)  PU(P2)  EN(P3)  SF(P4)  SH(P5)    OPT(P6)  IPV(P7)  Boring road 2.91  2.51  2.41  2.87  2.68  2.53  2.80  Bailey road 3.48  3.59  3.19  3.09  2.80  3.66  2.01  Ashok Rajpath  2.14  2.25  2.02  2.08  1.95  1.05  2.88  Rajendra Nagar  1.98  2.08  2.11  2.06  2.12  1.55  1.76  Kankarbagh  2.73  2.35  2.55  2.28  2.71  2.36  2.58  Average Perception Rating  

16. 16-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 15 Results & Analysis (continue…) Security CCTV(P1) PPN(P2)  LN(P3)  PVN(P4)  UFC(P5)    TCS(P6)  Boring road 1.98  2.08  2.11  2.06  2.12  1.55  Bailey road 3.48  3.59  3.19  3.09  2.80  3.66  Ashok Rajpath  2.14  2.25  2.02  2.08  1.95  1.05  Rajendra Nagar  2.73  2.35  2.55  2.28  2.71  2.36  Kankarbagh  2.91  2.51  2.41  2.87  2.68  2.53  Average Perception Rating  

17. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 16 Pedestrian Level of Service Guideline Range. Results & Analysis (Continue…) LOS Group PLOS Score Remarks A Above 435 Very Pleasant B 434-370 Pleasant C 369-305 Acceptable D 304-240 Unpleasant E F 239-175 Below 175 Very Unpleasant Unsuitable .

18. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 17 Results & Analysis (continue…) Safety & Comfort Area  PLOS score  PLOS grade  Remarks  Boring pedestrian  258.763  D  Unpleasant  Bailey pedestrian  303.277  C  Acceptable  Ashok Rajpath  202.762  E  Very Unpleasant  Rajendra Nagar  189.808  E  Very Unpleasant  Kankarbagh  252.206  D  Unpleasant  PLOS score of study areas of Patna  

19. 16-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 18 Results & Analysis (continue…) Security Area  PLOS score  PLOS grade  Remarks  Boring pedestrian  189.808 D Unpleasant  Bailey pedestrian  303.277  C  Acceptable  Ashok Rajpath  202.762  E  Very Unpleasant  Rajendra Nagar  258.763  C  Acceptable  Kankarbagh  252.206  D  Unpleasant  PLOS score of study areas of Patna  

20. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 19 Proposed Guidelines For Assessment of PLOS both qualitative and quantitative factors should be taken in to account. Pedestrian gives priority to infrastructure based on their own Socio- Demographic factors such as age, gender, education level, etc so their perception must be considered while developing infrastructure for them. Pedestrian Satisfaction can be assessed through level of pedestrian perception and importance.

21. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 20 Conclusions The inference of study suggests that actual condition of Pedestrian Safety & Comfort can be assessed with the following : Boring Road : PLOS Score is u npleasant. Rajendra Nagar : PLOS Score is v ery u npleasant.   Kankarbagh : PLOS Score is u npleasant. Ashok Rajpath : PLOS Score is v ery u npleasant.  Bailey Road : PLOS Score is a cceptable 

22. 16-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 21 Conclusions (continue..) The inference of study suggests that actual condition of Pedestrian Security can be assessed with the following : Boring Road : PLOS Score is u npleasant. Rajendra Nagar : PLOS Score is acceptable .   Kankarbagh : PLOS Score is u npleasant. Ashok Rajpath : PLOS Score is v ery u npleasant.  Bailey Road : PLOS Score is a cceptable 

23. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 22 References: Martin, Allison. Factors influencing pedestrian safety & security: a literature review. No. PPR241. Wokingham, Berks: TRL, 2006. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/factors-influencing-pedestrian-safety & security-literature-review.pdf Harwood, Douglas W., et al. Pedestrian safety & security prediction methodology. No. NCHRP Project 17-26. 2008. http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/160039.aspx Tiwari G. Progress in pedestrian safety & security research. International journal of injury control and safety & security promotion. 2020 Jan 2;27(1):35-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2020.1720255 Farmer, A.E., Jones, I., Williams, J. and McGuffin, P., 1993. Defining schizophrenia: operational criteria.  Journal of Mental Health ,  2 (3), pp.209-222. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638239309003767 Sanca, M., 2002. Application of design for safer urban roads and junctions: selected countermeasures. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/factors-influencing-pedestrian-safety & security-literature-review.pdf

24. 15-07-2023 8th Semester Major Project 23 THANK YOU