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1. Abdallah E brahim Ahmed kotb Training report Dept. of Electronic and Communication Engineering

2. introduction Objective: To gain a deep understanding of fundamental networking concepts and communication methods, explore diverse network applications and data handling mechanisms, with the aim of building a solid knowledge base in the field of Duration: June 17 - August 3, 2024 Location: Maspiro Building Trainer: Engineer Mohamed Salem 2. Training content • Network devices • Network topology • Types of network • Types of cables and connectors • Network protocols

3. Network Devices Network Devices: This section will explore hardware components like routers, switches, hubs, and firewalls, explaining their functions and roles in network communication 1. Router (Network Layer 3) Function: Forwards data packets between networks based on their IP addresses. It determines the best path for data to travel. Example: A home router connects your home network to the internet. 2. Switch (Data Link Layer 2) Function: Connects devices on a single network and forwards data frames between them based on their MAC addresses. Example: Ethernet switches are commonly used in offices to connect computers, printers, and other devices.

4. Network Devices 3. Hub (Physical Layer 1) Function: Connects devices on a network, but it broadcasts all data to every connected device. Example: Older network hubs were used in smaller networks, but they are less efficient than switches. 4. Modem Function: Modulates and demodulates signals to transmit data over a communication channel, such as a telephone line or cable connection. Example: A DSL modem connects your computer to your internet service provider. 5. Access Point (AP) Function: Enables wireless devices to connect to a wired network. Example: A Wi-Fi router acts as an access point, allowing devices like laptops and smartphones to connect to the internet wirelessly.

5. Network Devices 6. Gateway Function: Connects two different networks, translating data between them. Example: A gateway can connect a home network to a corporate network. 7. Repeater Function: Amplifies and retransmits a signal to extend the range of a network. Example: A Wi-Fi repeater can be used to improve wireless coverage in a large house. 8. Firewall Function: Monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks unauthorized access. Example: A software or hardware firewall protects a network from hackers and malware. 9. Bridge Function: Connects two similar networks together to form a larger network. Example: A bridge can connect two Ethernet LANs.

6. Network topology Network Topologies A network topology describes the physical or logical arrangement of network devices and how they communicate with each other. Types of Network Topologies: Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a single cable called the bus. Star Topology: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device. Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular fashion. Hybrid Topology: Combines two or more topologies.

7. Types of Networks Types of Networks Networks can be classified based on their size, range, and purpose. Personal Area Network (PAN): A network that interconnects devices around an individual, typically within a range of 10 meters. Examples include Bluetooth connections between smartphones and headphones. Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, typically within a city or metropolitan area. Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that extends over a large geographical area, often using telecommunication facilities to connect computers. The Internet is a prime example of a WAN. Campus Area Network (CAN): A network that interconnects multiple LANs within a campus, such as a university or corporate campus.

8. Types of Cables and Connectors Types of Cables and Connectors Cables and connectors are essential components of any network. They transmit data between devices. Types of Cables: Twisted Pair Cable: Most commonly used for Ethernet networks. Consists of pairs of copper wires twisted together to reduce interference. Coaxial Cable: Used for high-frequency signals, such as cable TV and older internet connections. Fiber Optic Cable: Uses light to transmit data, offering high speed and long distances.

9. Types of Connectors: RJ45: The most common connector for Ethernet cables. BNC: Used with coaxial cables, common in older network setups. F-Type: Another type of coaxial connector, primarily used for cable TV. Fiber Optic Connectors: Various types, such as SC, ST, and LC, used for different fiber optic cable types. These are just a few examples, and there are many other types of cables and connectors used in specific applications.

10. Network protocols Network Protocols Network protocols are the set of rules that govern how data is transmitted between devices on a network. They ensure that devices can communicate effectively, regardless of their hardware or software differences. Think of protocols as the language that computers use to talk to each other. Without them, devices wouldn't be able to understand each other's messages. Examples of common network protocols: TCP/IP: This is the foundation of the internet. It consists of two protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ensures reliable data delivery. IP (Internet Protocol): Handles the addressing and routing of data packets. HTTP: Used for transferring data on the World Wide Web . FTP: Used for transferring files between computers. SMTP: Used for sending emails DHCP: Assigns IP addresses to devices on a network automatically.

11. Research and tasks Introduction to Network Fundamentals: TCP vs UDP Emulators vs Simulators Network Design and Simulation: Packet Tracer Network Security: IPS, IDS, Firewall Windows Server Security Advanced Topics: Starlink Wireshark

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