ACADEMIC LANGUAGE CONVENTION.ppppppppptx

English for health care.

1. ACADEMIC LANGUAGE DR MARUTLA

2. Conventional  is defined as someone or something widely accepted, or something related to a convention An  example of conventional  is a bride wearing white on her wedding day. An   example of conventional  is the use of pesticides when growing fruits and vegetables.

3. The word "fair" has a few meanings when used as different parts of speech . When used as an adjective , it can describe someone as agreeable, but it can also describe someone who has light skin or hair . As a noun, a "fair" is typically a local event that celebrates a certain person, place, or historical moment.  Eg Funfair

4. Desert >Desert As a noun , " desert" is a dry, barren area of land where little rain occurs. When used as a verb, the word means to abandon a person or cause. 

5. BAT When used as a noun , a bat could be a winged, nocturnal animal or a piece of sporting equipment used in baseball. It can also be used as a verb when a player goes up to bat during a baseball game. 

6. Words often confused in language Conventions deal with Issues like; misspellings , grammatical and punctuation mistakes Capitalisation

7. Punctuation. Punctuation is the use of non-alphabetical symbols in writing in order to make the text clearer or easier to read. • Punctuation separates text into easily recognizable blocks of text such as sentences, clauses and lists. Full stop (used after certain abbreviatons ) - Prof. - et. Al. - Etc .

8. Comma - The comma is the most common form of punctuation after the full stop . • Example … • While the mother was cooking the baby her brother and the dog were sleeping . • When punctuated, the sentence is easier to read. While the mother was cooking, the baby, her brother and the dog were sleeping . - While the mother was cooking the baby, her brother and the dog were sleeping

9. The Semi-colon (;) • Semi-colons can be used to join sentences .  Cooking food is fun. But eating is better.‘ Cooking food is fun; eating is better

10. Colon (:) • The colon indicates that a list, an explanation , or an idea is following. Example The lecturer has given me three options : to retake the exam, to accept the extra credit assignment, or to fail the class.

11. Affect/Effect   > Affect  is usually a verb : Chester’s humming affected Posey’s ability to concentrate.  Effect  is usually a noun : Chester was sorry for the effect of his humming Among/Amongst   > Among   >Between-- expresses a collective or loose relationship of several Eg >Chester found a letter hidden among the papers on the desk

12. Assure/Ensure/Insure >   Assure  means to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true: Dan assured Chester that no one would cheat in the exam.   Ensure   > means to guarantee or make sure of something: Dan took steps to ensure that no one cheated in the exam.   Insure   > means to take out an insurance policy : Dan was glad that his car was insured against damage when he got into an accident.

13. Complement/Compliment   > A   complement   is something that completes something else. It’s often used to describe things that go well together: Dan’s lime green boots were a perfect complement to his jacket. A   compliment  is a nice thing to say: Dan received many compliments on his purple fedora.

14. Defence /Defense   Defense   > is standard in American English.  Defence >  is found mainly in British English . Emigrate/Immigrate   Emigrate   means to move away from a city or country to live somewhere else: Chester’s grandfather emigrated from Canada sixty years ago.  Immigrate  means to move into a country from somewhere else: My sister i mmigrated to Ireland in 2004.

15. Empathy/Sympathy   > Empathy  is the ability to understand another person’s perspective or feelings.  Sympathy  is a feeling of sorrow for someone else’s suffering. A  sympathizer  is someone who agrees with a particular ideal or cause . Farther/Further   Farther  refers to physical distance: Dan can run farther than Chester.  Further  refers to metaphorical distance: Chester is further away from finishing his project than Dan is.

16. Grammar Grammar consists of set of rules regarding language and sentence structure, such as spli5ng in1nives (nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives). • Syntax The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. declarative (statement) Interrogative ( question ) Exclamatory (expresses emotion ) (!) Imperative (command)- (gives instructions , orders, a request).

17. Concord (Also called Agreement) • Subject-Verb Agreement She ( singular noun) looks (singular verb) very pretty . And they(plural noun) look (plural verb) very pretty • The basic rule is that singular verbs must agree with singular nouns, while plural verbs must agree with plural nouns

18. Cont …  Jack (singular noun) enjoys (singular verb ) playing golf every Sunday .  The men (plural noun) enjoy (plural verb ) playing golf every Sunday

19. Reporting verbs • A reporting verb is a verb used to indicate that discourse is being quoted or paraphrased . It is also called a communication verb . • Smith (2012), states, indicates, comments, notes, observes , believes, points out, emphasizes, advocates , reports,concludes , underscores, mentions , finds , declares/ declears

20. CHOOSING LANGUAGE TO TEACH FOCUS ON THE FOLLOWING: Academic vocabulary (words that we should use in good sentences) Prepositions , eg between (words that explains where things are) Adverbs, eg hardly (words that explain or qualifies the verb) Conjunctions eg , and (words that joins two or more sentences) Grammatical structures eg , either or…(words which are grammatically correct)