Activity and Exercise Pattern.pptx......

BSN YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1
FON 1

1. Activity and Exercise Pattern By Syed Yousaf Shah

2. Objectives At the completion of this unit learners will be able to: 1. Define terms mobility, joint mobility, body alignments and body mechanics. 2. Discuss the benefits of activity and exercise. 3. Identify the principles of gravity that affects balance. 4. Discuss factors affecting mobility. 5. Discuss the effects of immobility on human body. 6. Review A&P of muscular skeletal system and characteristics of normal movement. 7. Describe the impact of immobility on Physiologic and Psychological functioning. 8. Apply nursing process while planning for the client with altered muscular skeletal system.

3. Mobility , Joint Mobility , Body Alignments and Body Mechanics Mobility: Mobility refers to the ability of a joint or series of joints to move freely through a full range of motion. It is essential for activities of daily living and physical performance. Mobility can be affected by factors such as flexibility, strength, joint structure, and soft tissue health.

4. Mobility, Joint Mobility, Body Alignments and Body Mechanics Joint Mobility : Joint mobility specifically refers to the range of motion and movement capability of a particular joint or multiple joints in the body. It encompasses the flexibility, stability, and strength of the joint structures, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles, that allow for smooth and coordinated movement.

5. Mobility, Joint Mobility, Body Alignments and Body Mechanics Body Alignment: Body alignment refers to the proper positioning and arrangement of body parts in relation to each other and to the surrounding environment. Good body alignment ensures that the bones, joints, and muscles are optimally aligned to support efficient movement and to minimize stress and strain on the body. Poor body alignment can lead to musculoskeletal problems and increased risk of injury.

6. Mobility, Joint Mobility, Body Alignments and Body Mechanics Body Mechanics: Body mechanics involves the use of proper movement techniques and postures to perform tasks safely and efficiently while minimizing the risk of injury or strain on the body. It includes principles such as maintaining a stable base of support, using the larger and stronger muscle groups whenever possible, maintaining neutral spine alignment, and avoiding awkward or excessive movements. Good body mechanics are important in various activities, including lifting, carrying, bending, and sitting, both in daily life and in occupational settings.

7. B enefits of Activity and Exercise Physical Health: Improved Cardiovascular Health Weight Management Stronger Bones and Muscles Better Balance and Coordination Enhanced Immune Function

8. Benefits of Activity and Exercise Mental Health: Stress Reduction Improved Mood Better Sleep Enhanced Cognitive Function

9. Benefits of Activity and Exercise Emotional Well-being : Increased Self-esteem and Confidence Social Interaction Sense of Purpose and Achievement

10. Principles of Gravity that Affects B alance Center of Gravity (COG) Base of Support (BOS) Line of Gravity (LOG) Gravity as a Force Equilibrium

11. F actors Affecting M obility Physiological Factors : Muscle Strength and Flexibility Joint Health and Mobility Neurological Function Cardiovascular Health Age

12. Factors Affecting Mobility Biomechanical Factors : Posture and Alignment Gait Mechanics Balance and Coordination Psychological Factors : Fear of Falling Mood and Motivation Environmental Factors : Physical Environment Social Support and Community Resources

13. Effects of Immobility on Human B ody Musculoskeletal System : Muscle Weakness and Atrophy Joint Stiffness and Contractures Bone Density Loss Cardiovascular System : Reduced Circulation and Blood Flow Orthostatic Hypotension

14. Effects of Immobility on Human Body Respiratory System : Decreased Lung Expansion Impaired Mucus Clearance Metabolic and Endocrine Systems : Muscle Wasting and Metabolic Changes Bone Metabolism Psychological and Functional Effects Depression and Anxiety Loss of Independence and Functional Decline

15. C haracteristics of Normal Movement Smoothness Efficiency Coordination Balance and Stability Range of Motion Strength and Power Postural Control Adaptability Consistency Pain-Free

16. I mpact of Immobility on Physiologic and Psychological Functioning Physiological Impact : Musculoskeletal Changes Cardiovascular Effects Respiratory Complications Metabolic Changes Skin Integrity

17. Impact of Immobility on Physiologic and Psychological Functioning Psychological Impact : Depression and Anxiety Loss of Autonomy Social Isolation Cognitive Decline

18. N ursing P rocess while Planning for the Client with Altered M uscular S keletal S ystem Assessment : Gather data related to the client's musculoskeletal condition, including medical history, current symptoms, mobility status, range of motion, strength, pain level, and functional abilities. Assess for any factors contributing to the musculoskeletal alteration, such as trauma, degenerative conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis), inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), or neurological disorders. Perform a physical examination to assess muscle strength, joint stability, gait, posture, and signs of inflammation or deformity. Evaluate the client's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and identify any limitations or challenges.

19. Nursing Process while Planning for the Client with Altered Muscular Skeletal System Diagnosis : Formulate nursing diagnoses based on the assessment findings, focusing on actual or potential problems related to the altered musculoskeletal system. Examples of nursing diagnoses may include: Impaired physical mobility related to muscle weakness and joint stiffness. Acute or chronic pain related to musculoskeletal injury or inflammation. Risk for falls related to balance deficits or mobility limitations. Self-care deficit related to limitations in ADLs due to musculoskeletal impairment.

20. Nursing Process while Planning for the Client with Altered Muscular Skeletal System Planning : Establish goals and outcomes in collaboration with the client that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Develop a comprehensive care plan that addresses the client's individual needs and priorities. Interventions may include: Promoting mobility and range of motion through therapeutic exercises, mobility aids, and positioning techniques. Providing pain management strategies such as medication administration, heat or cold therapy, and relaxation techniques. Implementing fall prevention measures, including environmental modifications and assistance with mobility. Educating the client and caregivers about proper body mechanics, safe transfer techniques, and strategies to prevent complications.

21. Nursing Process while Planning for the Client with Altered Muscular Skeletal System Implementation : Initiate the planned interventions according to the established care plan. Monitor the client's response to treatment and adjust interventions as needed based on ongoing assessment. Provide emotional support and encouragement to the client and family members as they adapt to changes in mobility and function. Collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and orthopedic specialists, to optimize the client's outcomes.

22. Nursing Process while Planning for the Client with Altered Muscular Skeletal System Evaluation : Evaluate the client's progress toward achieving the established goals and outcomes. Modify the care plan as necessary based on the client's response to interventions and any changes in their condition. Continue to monitor the client's musculoskeletal status, functional abilities, pain level, and overall well-being on an ongoing basis. Provide reinforcement, encouragement, and education to empower the client to maintain optimal musculoskeletal health and prevent complications.