Adaptation in plants

ICSE board / class 4 / Science / Adaptation in plants

1. People from U.S People from Africa People from India People from China

2. As we know that people from different region of world shows different characteristics such as physical appearance , language , height etc . It’s similar with plants as well Let’s find out “Plants grow in most places on the earth”

3. Plants in plains Plants on hills Plants on snow-clad mountains Plants in oceans Plants in deserts

4. Find out what is the difference between group ‘A’ plants and group ‘B’ plants

5. Ashoka Cactus Rose Lotus Water Lettuce “B” “A”

6. We can broadly divide plants into two groups 1) Terrestrial plants – plants that grow on land 2) Aquatic plants- plants that grow in water Lets take an example and understand “what is Habitat”

7. Conclusion : Camel can not live in Iceland region’s, but can easily thrive in desert region.

8. The natural home of an organism, where it lives and grows, is called “Habitat”. Conclusion : fish can not live on land, but can easily thrive in aquatic environment.

9. Some examples of habitat’s Desert Iceland C oastal Hills

10. Each habitat has different living conditions

11. Living things have special characteristics or features called “Adaptations” ADAPTATION

12. Polar bear lives in arctic region Temperature in arctic region ranges from -2°C to -35 °C to survive polar bear have developed thick layer of body fat which protect from such low temperatures. Thick layer of skin Living things have special characteristics or features called “Adaptations”

13. What will happen if I place polar bear in desert ? Where the temperature is   38°C during day Without adaptations , a plant or animal may not be able to survive in that habitat

14. Adaptations in plants

15. Adaptation in terrestrial plants ( Plants on land ) Plants in different habitats on land show different adaptations. Plants in deserts Plants in mountains Plants in the plains

16. Plants in coastal areas Plants in Marshlands

17. Plants in Deserts A place that receives very little rainfall is called a “desert”. Very little rainfall a year During the day, desert temperatures rise to an average of  38°C During night , desert temperatures fall to an average of  -3.9°C

18. What features or characteristics plants have developed to live is such dry habitat Water is stored in the stem of the plant , Hence stems are fleshy and have a thick waxy skin. Leaves have been converted into spines , which helps to reduce water loss as well as to protect the plant from being eaten.

19. Process Photosynthesis is carried out by Green stem. Roots may grow deep into soil in search of water or may form network of roots to intake water before it evaporates.

20. Other plants that grow in desert Brittlebush Date palm Mesquite bush

21. Plants in the mountains Climate can be very cold on mountains. In winters , there may be heavy snowfall.

22. What features or characteristics plants have developed to live is such cold and snowy habitat Trees grow tall and have conical shape to enable snow to slide off easily. Leaves are needle shaped with a waxy coating to prevent loss of water.

23. Many trees in such region do not have flowers. Instead they have cones which contains seeds. Deciduous trees Some trees shed their leaves to protect themselves from cold or heat they are known as ‘Deciduous trees’. Evergreen trees T rees which do not shed all their leaves at the same time are called ‘evergreen trees’.

24. Deciduous trees Oak Tree In winter In winter Maple Tree

25. evergreen trees Spruce tree Pine tree Fir tree

26. Plants in the plains Areas on the earth which are flat and which are warmer than the mountains such regions are known as plains . Plains with low rainfall Plains with heavy rainfall

27. Deciduous trees Some trees shed their leaves to protect themselves from cold or heat they are known as ‘Deciduous trees’. Evergreen trees T rees which do not shed all their leaves at the same time are called ‘evergreen trees’.

28. Adaptations in plants that grow in the plains with low rainfall Trees have many branches with broad leaves. In hotter plains, some trees loose their leaves in summer to protect themselves from the heat. Eg . Indian almond tree ( Deciduous tree ).

29. Some of the trees grow in the plains Neem Tree Sandalwood Tree Teak Tree

30. In such environmental conditions plants compete for Light, food and space. Adaptations in plants that grow in the plains with heavy rainfall Bamboo plant R ubber Tree

31. Trees are mostly evergreen. They are tall with branches and leaves near the top. The leaves are broad to catch the sunlight that penetrates. The leaves have pointed tips and a waxy coating. This enables rainwater to run off. The bark of these trees is thick and smooth. This allows water to run down easily. What features or characteristics plants have developed to live is such conditions Jackfruit plant leaves Rubber tree bark

32. Jackfruit tree Tamarind tree Sugar cane Some examples :

33. Quick Check A neem tree is a terrestrial / Aquatic plant. A desert is a / an adaptation / habitat where a cactus grows. Cactus have spines is the adaptation / habitat. Pine trees have Flowers / Cones which contain seeds. The Indian almond tree is a deciduous / evergreen tree.

34. Wet and windy climate Soil is sandy Water is salty Plants in coastal areas

35. What features or characteristics plants have developed to live is such conditions Trees are tall with hard, round trunks. Entire leaf is cut into strips. This helps the wind to rush through it without tearing it. The leaves are waterproof.

36. The roots are long and spread wide. The seeds are dispersed by water.

37. Plants in Marshlands Some areas are waterlogged and are called ‘ marshlands ’. Wet and muddy region Less oxygen Most plants found in marshlands are called ‘Mangroves’.

38. Plants have large air spaces in the stem to store air in case of need. What features or characteristics plants have developed to live is such conditions Plants also have roots that grow up and out of the water to breathe. These roots take in air and carry it to the stems, roots and leaves. Such roots are called as ‘breathing roots’ .

39. Some examples of mangroves Sundari Tree Reed plant

40. Quick Check 1) Which habitat do coconut trees grow in ? 2 ) In which habitat does a sundari tree grows ? 3) What are breathing roots ? Coastal areas Marshlands Exposed part of the roots that grows above the water filled soil and allows exchanges of gases are called breathing roots.

41. Would you believe that there are some plants that eat insects ??

42. Interesting adaptations of insectivorous plants Some plants grow in soil that does not contain enough nutrients. To get the required nutrients, these plants trap and eat insects. Such plants are called ‘insectivorous plants’ .

43. Venus flytrap It has a trap at the end of its leaf. Trap consist of two halves of the leaf joined at the midrib. When an insect sits on it, the two halves close. The trapped insect is then digested.

44. Pitcher plant It has a leaves that look like containers with lids. This container has a liquid inside which helps to digest insect. Insects that fall into the container are trapped and digested.

45. Adaptations in plants

46. Aquatic Plants Do you know more than ¾ of our planet is covered by water. Hence plants growing in different region shows different adaptations in them.

47. Floating plants Water lettuce Water hyacinth Some plants float on water and called as ‘floating plants’. Duckweed

48. Stems are light and filled with air. Leaves are filled with air to help them float. Stomata are on the upper side on the leaves. Long roots hang free in the water to take in nutrients. Adaptations in floating plants

49. Fixed plants Some plants are fixed to the soil under the water they are known as ‘fixed plants’ . Lotus Water lilly

50. Plants have long, thin stems that are flexible and hollow to withstand the force of water. Leaves are broad flat and have waxy coating. Stomata on the upper side of leaves. Adaptations in floating plants

51. Underwater or submerged plants Some plants grow fully under the water are known as ‘ underwater’ or ‘ submerged plants’ . Hydrilla Tape Grass Turtle Grass

52. Plants have flexible stems. Roots are not well developed since they do not have to search for water. Leaves are thin, narrow and pointed. It helps free flow of water. Most of them do not have stomata. ( do not carry out transpiration ) Adaptations in underwater plants