Divergent plate margins occur at ocean ridges where plates form by partial melting of the mantle. The plates then move away from each other like a continuous conveyor belt. An example of a divergent plate boundary is the mid-ocean ridge, for example the mid-Atlant...
German language. Divergent Margins
Divergent plate margins occur at ocean ridges where plates form by partial melting of the mantle. The plates then move away from each other like a continuous conveyor belt. An example of a divergent plate boundary is the mid-ocean ridge, for example the mid-Atlantic ridge, which runs from the Arctic Ocean north of Iceland far into the southern hemisphere.
In the North Atlantic, the mid-Atlantic ridge is the boundary between the North American and the Eurasian plate. The underwater volcanoes of the ocean create new oceanic crust as North America and Eurasia move away from each other. These divergent zones are called oceanic spreading centers or mid-ocean ridges.
Convergent Margins
Convergent plate boundaries are where one plate sinks beneath another and is returned to the mantle. The boundary where this occurs is called a subduction zone, which is often associated with an oceanic trench. The converging plate is "subducted," into the mantle beneath the other. As the plate (lithosphere) is subducted into the mantle, the ocean water it has absorbed is released and migrates upward. This water then lowers the melting temperature of the surrounding mantle rocks so they are able to melt. The magma is less dense than the surrounding rock so it becomes buoyant and erupts on the earth surface, forming stratovolcanoes.
An example of a convergent plate boundary is the Marianas arc (an ocean-ocean convergent margin), which is associated with the Marianas Trench, the deepest point of the ocean floor. Ocean-ocean convergent margins can create volcanic island chains.
If convergent plate boundaries happen at the edge of a continent, higher volcanoes form on the continental crust as the oceanic plate subducts beneath the continent. An example of this is the boundary between the Nazca plate and the South American plate (an ocean-continent convergent margin). As the Nazca plate subducts, the volcanically active Andes Mountains are formed. If it is a continent-continent convergent margin, then the two continents collided without subducting, creating mountains. An example of such a convergent margin is the collision of India with the rest of Asia to form the Himalayas (a continent-continent convergent margin). Divergent Margins
Divergent plate margins occur at ocean ridges where plates form by partial melting of the mantle. The plates then move away from each other like a continuous conveyor belt. An example of a divergent plate boundary is the mid-ocean ridge, for example the mid-Atlantic ridge, which runs from the Arctic Ocean north of Iceland far into the southern hemisphere.
In the North Atlantic, the mid-Atlantic ridge is the boundary between the North American and the Eurasian plate. The underwater volcanoes of the ocean create new oceanic crust as North America and Eurasia move away from each other. These divergent zones are called oceanic spreading centers or mid-ocean ridges.
Convergent Margins
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