ADULTERANT IN OILS, THEIR DETECTION METHODS AND HEALTH IMPACTS

ADULTERATION
The act of making something inferior in quality by the addition of additional material. Usually, if a food contains a toxic or harmful substance that can injurious to health then it is said to be that this food is adulterated

ADULTERANTS
Different types of material and oils that are inferior by quality and low by cost are the main source of adulterants in oils. Adulteration can effect business positively but it destroys the food quality and also effect on consumer’s health.

Nowadays, adulterations are more cultured so, it is essential to use advanced and suitable methods to identify adulteration. Usually, using physical properties like
 refractive index
 viscosity
 melting point
 saponification
 iodine value
These are not anymore practical to detect adulteration and sometimes detection of adulterants is done by advanced methods.

1. Hoor bahadur L1f18bsft002 ADULTERANT IN OILS, THEIR DETECTION METHODS 1

2. The act of making something inferior in quality by the addition of additional material. It is the act by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances to make more profit. ADULTERATION 01 02 2

3. Conti….. Colored Grass Seeds, Charcoal Dust Dried Papaya Seeds Black Stones Water, Urea, Washing Powder Pesticide Deposits, Industrial Colors, Lead Metal Molasses, Dextrose, Sugar, Corn Syrups Washing Soda, Chalk Powder 3

4. Influence in our diet Increase quantity Get more profit ADULTERATION IN OILS 4

5. TYPES OF ADULTERATION Mixing cold press oil with refined one Replacement of more expensive oils with cheaper one 5

6. Adulteration Sources Non Toxic Adulteration Business Growth Toxic Adulteration ADULTERATION 6

7. Castor Oil Sesame Oil Linseed Oil Mineral Oil Karanja Oil Argemone Oil Cottonseed Oil Artificial Color 7

8. LINSEED OIL DETECTION Swelling Redness Vomiting Nausea Allergy 90% HEALTH EFFECT About 1 ml sample in 5 ml chloroform and add1 ml bromine The tube is stoppered and cooled Added 1.5 ml rectified spirit and 10 ml ether. Shake it thoroughly for 30minutes. Due to formation of hexabromide shows the appearance of precipitate 8

9. DETECTION To 1 ml oil in wide mouth test tube Add 25 ml alcoholic caustic potash. Use water bath, until it becomes quite clear. Add 25 ml distilled water Shake it during addition of water. Turbidity appear in the end. HEALTH EFFECT Skin rash Severe diarrhea Itching or hives Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing Swelling of the face Lips, or tongue issues MINERAL OIL 9

10. SESAME OIL DETECTION High in calorie Lead to weight gain Drop blood pressure Drop level of blood HEALTH EFFECT T o 2 ml sample oil Add 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, 1 per cent sucrose keep aside for 5 minutes The presence of pink color in the acid layer indicates presence of sesame oil 10

11. DETECTION Take 1 ml of the sample Add acidified petroleum ether (60- 80°). Shake it thoroughly. Then add a drop of ammonium molybdate solutionin the shaked solution In the result presence of white turbidity HEALTH EFFECT Diarrhea Nausea Abdominal cramps Electrolyte disturbance. CASTOR OIL 11

12. KARANJA OIL DETECTION Rashes Children skin issues Cause abortion in pregnant women HEALTH EFFECT Take 5 ml of sample add 10 ml ethyl alcohol Add 5 drops of ferric chloride. Shake vigorusly stay for two hours. In the alcoholic layer development of light blue to dark color.   12

13. DETECTION Halphen's Test To 2 ml oil, 2.5ml alcohol and 2.5 ml sol of sulphur Heat up the mixture just for the formation of pink or red color S how the presence of cotton seed oil HEALTH EFFECT Infertility Liver damage Pregnancy problems Decrease motility rate  Reduced sperm counts COTTON SEED OIL 13

14. ADVANCE TECHNIQUES 14

15. (SPM) SPECTRO PHOTOMETER (GCMS) GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (HPTLC) HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (ESIMS) 02 Used to differentiate olive oil from other edible oils. D etection and quantifica - tion of adulteration in sunflower, corn and soybean oils in olive oil Used for identification of mineral oil in other oils Argemone oil adulteration in mustard oil can be determined by HPTLC Detected palm kernel oil as adulterant in coconut oil. 15 15

16. PIN POINTS Mustard oil in Coconut oil Non-edible rapeseed oil in Olive oil Argemone oil in Sunflower oil Lung cancer, anaemia , death of rbcs . Glaucoma, deafness Spanish olive oil syndrome 16 16

17. PFA ACT Punjab Food Authority (PFA), recently in Lahore declared 61 brands of cooking oil unfit for consumption by public A lso disposed 47,233 liters of oil from the market . BANNED INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES …. DISPOSED OIL 17

18. THANK YOU 18