Advanced crop protection against rain and animal

Very good understanding and analyse

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI-590018 RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Growth Centre, B M Bypass Road Hassan District(573201),Karnataka, INDIA MAIN PROJECT (21EEP75) Presentation on “ADVANCED SOLUTIONS FOR CROP PROTECTION AGAINST RAIN AND ANIMAL DETECTION WITH POWER GENERATION” BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS PRESENTED BY: ABHISHEK N N(4RA21EE001) MEGHASHREE C S(4RA21EE024) PREETHI S S(4RA21EE027) SNEHA B G(4RA21EE041) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: Mr. JAYARAM M V, BE, M . Tech Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, RIT, HASSAN First cum Second

2. 2 OUTLINE MOTIVATION INTRODUCTION LITERATURE SURVEY OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY TOOLS ADVANTAGES PLAN OF ACTION EXPECTED OUTCOME REFERENCE Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE

3. MOTIVATION Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 3 Agriculture is the backbone of the economy but because of animal interference in agricultural lands, there will be huge loss of crops. Also due to deforestation this results in shortage of food, water and shelter in forest areas. So, animal interference in agricultural fields is increasing day by day. In the current system, there is no protection for crops against natural disasters such as floods, rains as well as from over sun heat, which in turn reduces the plant growth, in turn reduces yield. The farmers commit suicide after their crops get destroyed due to natural weather calamities.

4. INTRODUCTION: Agriculture is a backbone of our country. About 70% of India’s revenue comes from agriculture. In this project we are proposing the model which prevents spoilage of crops due to heavy and uneven rainfall. This objective is achieved with Embedded System design using Node MCU technology for messaging purpose. The actual concept of this project is protecting the crops from wild animals by using camera and intimation to the farmers. Here Moisture sensor and different sensors are used for detecting the condition of the soil and for pump to turn on/off automatically based on the soil is wet or dry. Animal Detection using Machine Learning Algorithms. And intimation to the former. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 4

5. LITERATURE SURVEY: PAPER NAME AUTHOR NAME YEAR METHODOLOGY "Wireless Crop Protection System with Nodemcu Notification“,[IEEE] S. Kumar, R. Sharma 2021 Integrated Nodemcu for wireless communication and message notification in an Arduino-based crop protection system. "Animal Detection in Agriculture using Laptop Camera and Machine Learning“,[IEEE] M. Chen, L. Wang 2020 Employed laptop camera and machine learning algorithms to detect animals from crop fields. "Agricultural Automation Using Arduino and IoT“ [IEEE] Ahmed Khan 2022 Employed Arduino, soil moisture, humidity, and rain sensors. Utilized relay water pump and nodemcu for data transmission. Integrated laptop camera for pest detection. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 5

6. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Prohibit the entry of animal into the farm . Use GSM module for alerting us. Design a system that sounds through solar animal repellent when animal tries to enter into the farm. Protects crops from heavy rain. To design a security system for farm protection. Power generation from heavy rain and solar. Auto mode and manual mode control. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 6

7. AUTO/MANUAL / SWITCH I R Sensor Moisture sensor Rain sensor A RDUINO UNO LCD Relay L 293D Motor Drive Node MCU Solar panel Battery Camera PC with Python Rain protection Water pump Water collection unit Water storage Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 7 METHODOLOGY : BLOCK DIAGRAM: DTH 11 Buzzer

8. PIN DIAGRAM: Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 8 D7 D6 D5 D4 EN RW RS GND 5V 1110 9 8 12 13 A2 A3 A4 A5 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 A0 A1 3 2 TX Soil moisture sensor Rain sensor DTH 11 IR SENSOR NODE MCU 5v 5v 5v 5v 6 7 5v + - Relay Buzzer pump DC motor DC motor H Bridge 5v 12v GND 5V LCD ARDU I NO UNO

9. TOOLS: HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:   SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Arduino UNO Arduino IDE Node MCU Embedded C DC Rain Sensor Moisture Sensor Power Supply Relay L293D DTH 11 IR Sensor Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 9

10. DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS: Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 10 1. ARDUINO UNO FIG.1

11. PIN DIAGRAM Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 11 Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

12. 2. NODEMCU Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 12 •The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open-source software and hardware development environment built around an inexpensive System-on- aChip (SoC) called the ESP8266. The ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espressif Systems, contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, networking ( WiFi ), and even a modern operating system and SDK. That makes it an excellent choice for Internet of Things (IoT) projects of all kinds. FIG.2

13. 3.DC RAIN SENSOR Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 13 The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as a switch when raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity. The module features, a rain board and the control board that is separate for more convenience, power indicator LED and an adjustable sensitivity though a potentiometer. Adopts high quality of RF-04 double sided material. Area: 5cm x 4cm nickel plate on side, Anti-oxidation, anti-conductivity, with long use time; Comparator output signal clean waveform is good, driving ability, over 15mA; Potentiometer adjust the sensitivity; Working voltage 5V; Output format: Digital switching output (0 and 1) and analog voltage output AO; With bolt holes for easy installation; Small board PCB size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm; Uses a wide voltage LM393 comparator SPECIFICATIONS: FIG.3

14. TESTING RESULTS: Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 14

15. 4.MOISTURE SENSOR Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 15 PIN DETAILS: VCC pin is used for power A0 pin is an analog output D0 pin is a digital output GND pin is a Ground SPECIFICATION: The required voltage for working is 5V The required current for working is <20mA Type of interface is analog The required working temperature of this sensor is 10°C~30°C The soil moisture sensor is one Kind of sensor  used to gauge the volumetric content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not directly with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content. FIG.4

16. 5.RELAY Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 16 SPECIFICATIONS: A 5V relay module is a single or multi-channel relay module that works with a low-level trigger voltage of 5V DC. The input voltage can be from any microcontroller or logic chip that outputs a digital signal. FIG.5

17. 6.POWER SUPPLY It is used to provide power to all components. It will take 12v input voltage and convert it in three voltages of 3.3,5,12v. Power supply specification Input voltage: 12v Output voltage: +3.3v, +5v, +12v Maximum load: 0.5amp Frequency: 16MHz Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 17 FIG.6

18. 7.L293D Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 18 L293D is a basic motor driver integrated chip (IC) that enables us to drive a DC motor in either direction and also control the speed of the motor. The L293D is a 16 pin IC, with 8 pins on each side, allowing us to control the motor . Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V Output Current: 600 mA Per Channel Peak Output Current: 1.2 A Per Channel Supply Voltage to the IC: 4.5V to 7V Transition time: 300ns (at 5Vand 24V) Size: 44mm* 40mm*20mm (L*W*H) FIG.7

19. 8.LCD Display Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 19 The term  LCD stands for liquid crystal display . It is one kind of electronic display module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment  light-emitting diodes  and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom characters, special and even animations, etc. FIG.8

20. 9.IR SENSOR Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 20 IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of the surroundings. An  IR sensor  can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. Usually, in the  infrared spectrum , all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can detect these radiations. Detection Range between 10 cm and 80 cm Operating Voltage 3.3V to 5V Current Consumption Low current draw, less than 20mA Output Type Analog or digital output Wavelength Around 850 nm to 950 nm SPECIFICATIONS: FIG.9

21. 10.DTH 11 Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 21 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby) Output: Serial data Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C Humidity Range: 20% to 90% Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1% SPECIFICATIONS: The  DHT11  is a commonly used  Temperature and humidity sensor.  The sensor comes with a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is also factory calibrated and hence easy to interface with other microcontrollers. FIG.10

22. Arduino IDE Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 22 .

23. ADVANTAGES: Easy to implement. Field protection against storms, floods etc. Safety against rains and Excess Solar Energy. Increase in Yield. Protection of crops from Wild animals. Power generation using Rain water and Solar panel. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 23

24. PLAN OF ACTION: Phase-1: Conduct feasibility studies and site assessments. Phase-2: Design and install infrastructure (greenhouses, fencing, etc.). Phase-3: Implement animal detection and power generation systems. Phase-4: Monitor and evaluate system effectiveness. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 24

25. COMPLETED PHASE OF THE PROJECT PHASE 1: Component Integration: Assembled the hardware components including Arduino, soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor, rain sensor, relay, water pump, DC motor, LCD, laptop camera, and NodeMCU , H-Bridge. Arduino Programming: Developed Arduino code to read data from soil moisture, humidity, and rain sensors. Implemented logic to control the relay water pump based on soil moisture levels, ensuring optimal irrigation. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 25

26. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 26 PHASE 2: The first operation of microcontroller is to activate the dc motor in such a way that it starts rotating in clockwise direction to cover the double coated polythene sheet over the crops. Hence the crop is covered by the double coated polythene sheet over the agriculture land & crop is protected. Even System works in automated mode i.e. when former doesn’t respond to the request from Node mcu , it checks the moisture content of the soil using moisture sensor and initiates appropriate action required to protect crop.

27. EXPECTED OUTCOME: Automated Rain Protection Systems Detection and Deterrence Systems Power Generation and Storage IoT Integration Advanced Materials and Robotics

28. REFERENCES: [ 1] Dr.N.Suma,Sandra Rhea Samson , S. Saranya, G. Shanmugapriya , R. Subhashri Associate Professor, Department of ECEJournal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 2016 papers about IOT based smart agriculture. [2] Ravi Kishore Kodali, Vishal Jain and SumitKaragwal Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kodali2016 papers gives information about Iot based smart greenhouse. [3]S. Bhattacharya, S. Sridevi, and R. Pitchiah , ‘‘Indoor air quality monitoring using wireless sensor network,’’ in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Sens. Technol. (ICST), Dec. 2012, pp. 422–427. [4] Yu liu , KahinAkram hassan1, Magnus Karlsson1, Ola Weister , and Shaofang gong Department of Science and Technology established Active Plant Wall for Green Indoor Climate Based on Cloud and Internet of Things. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 28

29. 5] D. Y. Kim, T. H. Shin, and J. S. Park, “A security framework in Rfid multi-domain system,” in Availability, Reliability and Security, 2007.ARES 2007. The Second International Conference on, April 2007, pp.1227–1234. [6] H. Jiang, Y. Li, and D. Li, ‘‘Indoor environment monitoring system based on linkit one and yeelink platform,’’ in Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Conf. Comput . Commun. (ICCC), Oct. 2016, pp. Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 29

30. THANK YOU …… Monday, November 25, 2024 DEP OF EEE 30