Advanced Identification Techniques for Identifying and Isolating Microorganisms.pptx

It's related to microorganism subject as it's tell the identifications. And isolating methods for microorganism

1. Advanced Identification Techniques for Identifying and Isolating Microorganisms Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) NGS is a method that reads the entire DNA of a microorganism, revealing everything about it. How it works: This technology sequences the whole genome (genetic material) of a microbe, providing a detailed picture of its identity. Why it’s useful: NGS gives very accurate results and can identify even rare or unknown microbes. It's also great for studying microbial communities (like the bacteria in your gut). MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry MALDI-TOF is a quick method that identifies microorganisms by analyzing their unique protein patterns. How it works: A laser is used to break apart the microorganism into charged particles. These particles are measured, and the pattern is compared to known patterns to identify the microorganism. Why it’s useful: It’s extremely fast (just minutes), and doesn’t require growing the microbe in a lab. It can identify many types of bacteria and fungi accurately.

2. 16S rRNA Sequencing 16S rRNA sequencing is a method that looks at a specific gene in bacteria to identify them. How it works: A piece of the 16S gene, which is found in all bacteria, is amplified (copied), and then sequenced to determine the exact identity of the bacteria. Why it’s useful: This method is accurate for identifying bacteria, even those that can’t be easily cultured or seen under a microscope. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) FISH uses special fluorescent markers to "tag" the DNA or RNA of microorganisms, making them glow under a microscope. How it works: Fluorescent probes attach to the genetic material of the microorganism. When viewed under a microscope, the microbe glows, allowing scientists to identify it. Why it’s useful: It allows identification without needing to grow the microbe in a lab, and is especially helpful in studying microbes directly in the environment or tissues.

3. Gene Chip or Microarray Technology A gene chip is a tool that can detect thousands of genes at once to identify microorganisms. How it works: DNA from the microorganism is placed on a small chip that has many probes. If the microbe has matching genes, it "sticks" to the probes, revealing its identity. Why it’s useful: It’s fast and can identify many microorganisms at the same time, even detecting antibiotic resistance in bacteria.