Advanced Subject. fundamental elements of a network.pptx

Computer Science I Advance Subject

1. INTERNET

2. What is Internet? Internet is a collection of a large number of independent computer networks interconnected using standard protocol TCP/TP(Transfer Control Protocol /Internet Protocol) to serves billions of users. Internet is a network of networks consisting of thousands of private, public, business, academic, and government networks.

3. What is Internet? The Internet or “net” (network of networks) is the largest network in the world that connects billions of computer users. Internet is a collection of millions of computers around the world that are all connected to one another. It is a global network of computers. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and “network ”

4. Brief History of Internet The birth of ARPANET (1969) TCP/IP and the birth of the internet protocol suite (1970s) Usenet and email’s development (1980s) The World Wide Web (1990s) E-commerce and the dot-com boom (late 1990s)

5. Brief History of Internet The emergence of Web2 and social media (Early 2000s) The rise of internet beyond late 2000s Mobile internet and the app revolution (2010s)

6. Vinton Gray Cerf Father of the Internet The co-designer of the TCP/IP protocol suites and the architecture of the Internet.

7. Robert Elliot Kahn Inventor of Internet

8. SERVICES OF INTERNET /INTERNET SERVICES

9. Communication Services Communication is one of the most popular services of the internet. We are using internet-based communication services every day to contact family and friends.

10. Communication Services Instant Messaging Email Internet Telephony Videoconferencing,

11. World Wide Web Most of us think that the Internet and WWW are the same but actually not. Internet is Infrastructure and the Web is just a service provided on the Internet.

12. World Wide Web

13. Web Services There are lots of applications built in various programming languages. Web services provide a common platform that allows multiple applications to communicate with each other whatever programming languages are used for making applications.

14. Network Management Services Network management services are also one of the important services of the internet which are helpful for network managers. Network management services help in preventing, monitoring, diagnosing, and solving issues related to the network

15. Time Services Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a popular time service on the internet that helps to synchronize and set the computer clock with great precision. Computer clocks are synced to either Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Co-ordinated University Time (UTC)

16. Usenet News Usenet is known as the 'User's Network.' It is one of the oldest networks where users can post files to news servers and other members can access it.

17. E-commerce E-commerce is Internet-based buying and sale of goods and services.

18. FOUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF A NETWOR

19. What is Network? A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

20. Hardware The backbone of any network is the hardware that runs it. Network hardware includes network cards, routers or network switches, modems and Ethernet repeaters. Without this hardware, computers have no means of accessing a network.

21. Software In order for the hardware to interact with the network, it needs software to issue commands. The primary form of networking software is protocols -- software that instructs network devices on how to connect to the network and how to interact with one another.

22. Client Devices Client devices are the computers and mobile devices connected to the network. Client devices are vital components of a network, as without clients requiring access the network is essentially pointless.

23. Connection Media Without connections, a network cannot function. The medium used to connect the nodes of a network varies with the type of network. Wired networks will often use network cables like Category 5 Ethernet cables, while wireless networks make direct connections between devices using radio signals as the medium.

24. Connection Media

25. NETWORKING HARDWARE

26. Routers A router can form a LAN by connecting devices within a building. It also makes it possible to connect different networks together.

27. Modem A modem enables a computer to connect to the internet over a telephone line. A modem converts digital signals from a computer to analogue signals that are then sent down the telephone line.

28. Hubs, bridges and switches Hubs, bridges and switches allow multiple devices to connect to the router and they transfer data to all devices on a network. A router is a more complex device that usually includes the capability of hubs, bridges and switches.

29. Hubs, bridges and switches Hubs, bridges and switches allow multiple devices to connect to the router and they transfer data to all devices on a network. A router is a more complex device that usually includes the capability of hubs, bridges and switches.

30. Hubs A hub is the least expensive, least intelligent, and least complicated of the three. A hub can send or receive information, but it can't do both at the same time. This makes hubs slower than switches. Hubs are the least complex and the least expensive of these devices.

31. Bridges A bridge is a computer networking device that builds the connection with the other bridge networks which use the same protocol.

32. Bridges

33. Switches Switches work the same way as hubs, but they can identify the intended destination of the information that they receive, so they send that information to only the computers that are supposed to receive it. Switches can send and receive information at the same time, so they can send information faster than hubs can. .

34. Switches

35. Wireless access points Wireless access points (WAPs) are required to connect to a network wirelessly. WAPs are usually built