Aen 301(2022030028).pptx insect entomolo

Entomology

1. AEN301 PESTS OF FIELD CROPS AND STORED PRODUCES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT RICE ROOT WEEVIL ( Echinocnemus oryzae )

2. RICE ROOT WEEVIL: Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum : Uniramia Class: Insecta Order : Coleoptera Family : Curculionidae Genus : Echinocnemus Species : Echinocnemus oryzae

3. Distribution of ( Echinocnemus oryzae ) GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India, Burma, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pakistan. Africa: Nigeria, Sudan. HOST RANGE: Primary : Rice. Secondary : Other grasses like Paspalum scrobiculatum , Panicum spp., Cyanodan dactylon , and Eleucine indica .

4. LIFE CYCLE OF ( Echinocnemus oryzae ) Stages of life cycle: 1. Egg Stage: Female weevils lay eggs in rice grains or stem. 2. Larval Stage: Larvae feed on internal tissues of rice grains or stems, causing damage.
3. Pupal Stage: Larvae pupate within the rice grain or stem.
4. Adult Stage: Adult weevils emerge, feed on rice, and reproduce.

5. LIFE CYCLE OF ( Echinocnemus oryzae )

6. DAMAGE SYMPTOMS OF ( Echinocnemus oryzae ) STUNTED GROWTH AND REDUCED TILLERING: The weevil grubs feeding on the roots hinder the plant’s ability to grow and produce multiple tillers (shoots). YELLOWING AND DEATH: Infested plants may turn yellow and eventually die, especially in patches.

7. SILVER SHOOT” OR “ONION LEAF” SYMPTOMS: In some cases, infested plants may develop a tubular gall, resembling a “silver shoot” or “onion leaf,” at the base of the central shoot. GRUBS FEEDING ON ROOTS: The grubs, which are white and legless, feed on the root hairs, disrupting the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients.

8. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF ( Echinocnemus oryzae ) CULTURAL PRACTICES: Early Planting: Encouraging early planting of the crop with quick-growing varieties can help the crop escape the peak infestation period of the rice bug. Resistant Varieties: Utilizing rice varieties that exhibit resistance to the rice bug can significantly reduce infestation levels Crop Rotation and Land Preparation: Cultivating the land immediately after harvesting and avoiding ratooning of rice can help disrupt the rice bug life cycle and reduce their populations.

9. PHYSICAL CONTROL: Trapping: Setting up light traps and pheromone traps can help monitor and control the rice bug population. Water Management: Flooding rice fields can drown the rice bug or drive them to the top of the plant, making them more vulnerable to other control measures. Nets and Sweeping: Using nets to capture rice bugs, especially in the early morning or late afternoon, and sweeping to control them in the seedbed are effective methods. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: parasitoids and predators: Introducing or conserving beneficial insects like the larval parasitoid Platygaster oryzae and predatory spiders can help control the rice bug population. Neem -Based Products: Using neem seed kernel extract or azadirachtin can deter rice bugs and provide a natural alternative to chemical insecticides.