Aflatoxin Management including the use of Aflasafe.pptx

A powerful online training session by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), diving deep into the use of 𝗔𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗮𝗳𝗲 – a game-changer in the battle against aflatoxins! 💡 This training is part of FS4Africa's innovative 𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝟭: 𝗦𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 strategy, as the project is on a mission to transform food safety across the African continent through a 𝗙𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 approach.

1. Alejandro Ortega-Beltran 1 , Joseph Atehnkeng 1 , Charity Mutegi 1 , Titilayo Falade 1 , George Mahuku 1 , Adebowale Akande 1 , Lawrence Kaptoge 1 , Lamine Senghor 1 , Joao Augusto 1 , Juliet Akello 1 , Matieyedou Konlambigue 1 , Daniel Agbetiameh 1 , Madjaliwa Nzamwita 1 , Tahirou Abdoulaye 1 , Cheick Diarra 1 , Patrick Jarju 2 , Adama Neya 3 , Karim Dagno 4 , Solara Elmutasim 5 , Abuelgasim Elzein 6 , Ekanao Tedihou 7 , Basso Adamou 8 , Christopher Suh 9 , Martine Zandjanakou-Tachin 10 , Patrick Ngegba 11 , Peter Okomoh 1 , Jane Kamau 1 , Santatra Ravelomanantsoa 12 , Kenneth Callicott 13 , Peter Cotty 13,14 , Ranajit Bandyopadhyay 1 1 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) 2 National Food Security, Processing and Marketing Corporation, Banjul, The Gambia 3 I nstitut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4 I nstitut d'Économie Rurale , Bamako, Mali 5 Samil Industrial Co., Khartoum, Sudan 6 University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan 7 Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lomé, Togo 8 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Niamey, Niger 9 Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement, Yaoundé, Cameroon 10 Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Kétou , République du Bénin 11 Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute, Sierra Leone 12 FOFIFA, Madagascar 13 United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Arizona 14 Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China Chaque pays a son propre programme, ses propres défis et ses propres réussites (informations détaillées : aflasafe.com).

2. Importance of aflatoxins Aflatoxin B1 Susceptible crops Maize , groundnut , sorghum, cottonseed, chili, millet, figs, melon seed, ginger, sesame, cassava, almond, pistachio… Aspergillus Up to US$ 670 million are lost from exports DEATH

3. Aflatoxin in groundnut (176 samples) 82% had aflatoxin content above EU tolerance thresholds Some examples from Sudan Safe This portion will enter lucrative markets

4. Groundnut in Senegal

5. Maize in Mali Aflatoxin content range (ppb) – 20 21 – >48,000

6. Influenced by cropping systems, climate, elevation, rainfall, insects.. In each country we screen 5,000 - 7,000 isolates B 1 , B 2 B 1 , B 2 G 1 , G 2 Aspergillus flavus morphotypes Local species A. nomius A. parasiticus L morphotype S morphotype

7. Two phases of contamination Phase I: Before Crop Maturity Developing crops become infected Associated with crop damage (insect, bird, stress) Favored by high temperature and dry conditions Phase II: After Crop Maturity Aflatoxin increases in mature crop Seed is vulnerable until consumed Rain on the mature crop increases contamination Associated with high humidity in the field & store, insect damage, improper crop storage or transportation Intervention needed in this phase

8. How aflatoxin biocontrol works

9. Fields are dominated by aflatoxin-producers Aflatoxin producer Non-aflatoxin producer, atoxigenic High proportion of aflatoxin producers = high probability of high aflatoxin accumulation

10. Treated fields

11. Fungal densities Crop fungal content is the same in treated and untreated fields Non-treated Field Treated Field

12. Aflasafe composition Aflasafe ingredients Superior strains ( highly adapted, with wide distribution, highly competitive, defective aflatoxin genes ) compose an Aflasafe product Heat-killed carrier sorghum grains Manufacture Final product

13. Non-treated Afla safe -treated 10 kg/ha 2-3 weeks before flowering 1 application $15-20/ha cost

14. Typical results achieved across countries 90%: <4 ppb 7-8%: 5 – 20 ppb 2-3%: >20 ppb vs >20, >100, >1,000 ppb Treated vs non-treated Results of >12,000 farmer field trials across countries

15. Fungi in the environment

16. Planting Harvest Consumption Drought-tolerant & adapted varieties Farmyard Manure Liming Mulching Tied ridges Biocontrol Drying Sorting & grading Storage Roasting Ammoniation Testing Multiple practices to manage aflatoxins Clay Diet diversity Awareness, institutions and policy Biocontrol is a simple field intervention that effectively reduces aflatoxin contamination from farms until consumption

17. Is biocontrol enough?

18. Integrated Aflatoxin Management System Aggregation Aflasafe Inputs and services Farmer groups/ value chain/Finance Training to improve productivity Awareness and sensitizations Policy and advocacy Market linkages Aflatoxin testing Training for aflatoxin management Public Private Public-private Post-harvest management Implementers

19. In-situ testing Burkina Faso Ghana Adapting lab analysis for field use Quantifying aflatoxin at harvest Farmers, processors trusting the technology Nigeria

20. Partnerships allowed transferring the technologies Upcoming plants in Mozambique, Uganda, Sudan * IITA technically backstops all of them Nigeria Nigeria Senegal Tanzania Kenya Burundi – WB funded DR Congo – WB funded

21. Manufacturers Distributors on hold because of the ongoing conflict

22. Aflasafe factory Factory under construction afla safe in brief, June 2023 >US$ 9.7 million invested by private and public sector partners 6 factories operational; 3 factories under construction 10 companies manufacture/distribute in 16 countries through >100 distribution points >6,000 tons of Aflasafe produced to protect more than 600,000 ha >1 million tons of aflatoxin-safe maize, groundnut, sorghum produced 15 afla safe products registered for 11 countries afla safe work going on in 22 countries Over 150,000 Aspergillus isolates screened to develop aflatoxin biocontrol products

23. The field trials

24. Field trial experimental design

25. Site identification Site identification

26. Measurements of the fields

27. Growth stage of the crop A. Right stage for application B. Beginning of the end of the right stage C. Not recommended for application

28. Marking the fields

29. Application of Aflasafe RW01: Introduction

30. Application of Aflasafe: Demonstration

31. Application of Aflasafe: Demonstration

32. 35 35 Application of Aflasafe

33. Application of Aflasafe

34. Application of Aflasafe: Monitoring

35. Sample collection

36. Harvesting

37. Postharvest handling of samples Drying shade Outside

38. Storage x 

39. Sanitation  

40. Protection during transport  

41. Under the EAC Aflatoxin Prevention and Control Project (APPEAR) funded by USAID East Africa and led by IITA, 11 technical papers were developed on: Pre-harvest, Post-harvest, Standards, Communication, Nutrition, Health, Biocontrol, Trade, Disposal The technical papers were developed into 9 Policy Briefs . The Briefs provide an implementation strategy and action plan for aflatoxin control and prevention along the health, agriculture, livestock, trade, industry, and environmental sectors. Work on Policy Briefs, EAC example

42. Integrated Aflatoxin Management System Aggregation Aflasafe Inputs and services Farmer groups/ value chain/Finance Training to improve productivity Awareness and sensitizations Policy and advocacy Market linkages Aflatoxin testing Training for aflatoxin management Public Private Public-private Post-harvest management Implementers

43. Partners National Food Security Processing and Marketing Corporation, The Gambia

44. Donors Nigeria