Agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity strengthening: How can we build these together

Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21 July 2014

1. "Agricultural intensification , value c hain d evelopment and human c apacity strengthening: How can we build these Together " Kindu Mekonnen ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21 July 2014

2. Contents of the presentation 1. Concepts/ definitions 2. Global challenges 3. Why IVCCD? 4. Achieving IVCCD 4.1. Partnership 4.2 . Understanding systems 4.3. R4D intervention options 4.4 . Documentation and scaling best bet options 4.5. Communication 5. Lessons from earlier project initiatives

3. 1. Concepts/ definitions Intensification : producing more units of output per units of all inputs and through new combinations of inputs and related innovations. Value chain : a network of different functions or stages from production to consumption, including all supplementary support services. Capacity development : A locally driven process of transformational learning that leads to actions, which support changes in institutional capacity areas to advance development goals .

4. 2. Global challenges Population increase (World: 8.3- 10.9 billon and SSA –2 billon people in 2050) Climate change Resources scarcity Energy demand High youth population at a small village in Wolaita , Southern Ethiopia

5. 2. Why IVCCD?-Current situations- Africa Increasing food demand (African meet 13% of the continent’s food needs by 2050) Land is degrading ( 75% of the total in SSA) Stagnant yields for some crops (< 1 ton ha -1 ) Soil nutrient depletion in central Ethiopia Poor barley crop performance in central Ethiopia

6. Feed scarcity ( Average deficit in 2009 in Ethiopia= 45.64 million t DM yr -1 ) Competing uses of resources (grazing land, crop residues) Farm-to-market links are weak High rates of hunger and malnutrition

7. 4. Achieving IVCCD-Linkage and integration Agricultural Intensification) Value chain development (crop and livestock enterprises) Capacity development Outputs Inputs Inputs Production Storage Processing Marketing Indirect: Food Nutrition Income Direct: Land Water Labour Chemicals, OM Biodiversity Financial capital Knowledge Infrastructure Technology Market Policy, Institutions

8. 4.1. Partnership Potential partners: Research orgs Higher learning Institutions Extension NGOs Framers Market actors/traders/ service providers Crop pest and diseases control service provider in the rural areas of Basona Worena , Amhara

9. Scale of partnership: Local, regional, national and global level with d/t roles and responsibilities Examples of successful partnership: ILRI-UNEP-WU CC adaptation Kabe watershed project UNEP – Overall oversight of the projects and linking to donors ILRI - Provide technical support and link UNEP and Wollo University WU - Lead the implementation of the project at the landscape scales in collaboration with ILRI, SARC and extension + capacity building SARC (ARARI) - action r esearch Woreilu Wereda Office of Agriculture - community Mobilization

10. Land-care with mass mobilization in Kabe watershed, Amhara

11. 4.2. Understanding systems Scale: Farm level Landscape Watershed A woman farmer showing how bacterial wilt disease has become serious at her farm in Lemo , SNNPR Constraints, farm typologies and opportunities in relation to IVCCD

12. Tools/approaches: RTS (Rapid telephone survey) PCA (Participatory Community Analysis) SLATE (Sustainable Livelihood Assets Evaluation) AKT5 (Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit ) VCA (Value chain assessment) Wealth ranking during PCA exercise in Bale

13. Examples of diagnostic results that required IVCCD interventions: Example 1. Africa RISING sites Shortage of quality improved seeds Weeds, diseases and insects and storage pests Lack of improved farm tools Inadequate soil and water management practices Poor storage facilities High input and low output prices Priority crop related constraints :

14. Feed shortage (quality and quantity) Poor vet services and vaccines Labour consuming milk processing Decline of grazing lands Diseases, internal and external parasites Price fluctuation for live animals Shortage of water during the dry periods Priority livestock related constraints:

15. Example 2. SLP project sites in east Africa Occurrence in 8 villages Main constraints of crop production in 3 east African countries

16. Occurrence in 8 villages Main constraints of livestock production in 3 east African countries

17. Water Degradation High Run-Off Indigenous Tree Loss Spring Development Niche-Compatible Afforestation Soil & Water Conservation Integrated watershed Management Integrated Solution Problem Cluster 1. Soil and water management cluster Example 3. African Highlands Initiative (AHI) project in the Ethiopian highlands

18. Soil Fertility Fuel Feed Energy Sources & Efficiency Seed Crop Germplasm, Husbandry, Markets & Integrated Nutrient Management Income Feed, Genotypes & Income Cluster 2. Integrated production and nutrient management cluster Problem Integrated Solution

19. Time frame: Short-term- entry points Mid-term Long-term 4.3. R4D intervention options

20. 20 Upstream Midstream Downstream Upstream Collective action (SWC) Trans boundary issues (forests, water, grazing land ) Targets/social groups: Gender Wealth Sex Watershed/Landscape positions

21. Research: Action Empirical Strategic Exploratory Participatory soil and nutrient losses assessment from 3 land use systems at AHI site in Galessa , Ethiopia. Side view of a landscape level SWC at Galessa , AHI site Fallow land = 30 t ha -1 yr -1 Cultivated land with soil bund = 23 t ha -1 yr -1 Cultivated land without soil bund = 40 t ha -1 yr -1

22. Locations: Farm- Action research FTC- Empirical research Research and University plots - Empirical research School and church compounds- Empirical research Communal land- Action research

23. Approach : IPs FRGs FFS Scaling: zonal, regional and national level ?

24. Tree FRG in Wolmera , Holetta and Dendi – Ginchi , Central Ethiopia Gully rehabilitation FRG- Galessa , Central Ethiopia

25. Examples of Africa RISING project R4D interventions Forage development Vetch Oat Involvement of local partners in protocol development and their implementation- how to improve it?

26. Improved crop varieties (wheat, potato and faba bean)

27. Potato varieties Storage- DLS Maket Food security Examples of integrated and intensified crop production from AHI project in the highlands of Ethiopia

28. Oat varieties Cross breed cows Milk processing for consumption & income Examples of intensified livestock husbandry from AHI project in the highlands of Ethiopia Tree lucerne

29. 29 Examples of water related interventions in ILRI-UNEPWU project at Kabe watershed, Amhara (digital stories)

30. Examples of Africa RISING capacity development approaches Trainings Cross-site visits Field days Workshops/ learning events Student attachment Gap assessment and filling of local partner institutions Farmers research groups identification at Jewe , Africa RISING kebele in Lemo , SNNPR

31. Examples of Africa RISING value chain development approach Selection of cross cutting VC enterprises across AR sites- (crop-wheat, fababean and potato) and (livestock- dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep) Mapping of VC actors and service providers Rapid assessment of VC actors and service providers Sampling and interviewing of selected actors and service providers Develop VC interventions (7 crop and livestock related interventions)

32. 4.4. Documentation and scaling best bet options Scaling: Out scaling (horizontal scaling up) Up scaling (vertical scaling up) Documentation: Processes lessons Site level Project level-on line Within or beyond Africa RISING sites? Scaling strategies Targets Strengthen through training

33. 4.5. Communication How to pack and make available information to various end users – from farmers to policy makers? Some Tools: Posters Brochures Briefs Digital stories Videos Publications Access: Online Knowledge center Local language- farmers

34. 5. Lessons from earlier project initiatives and Africa RISING project Identification of the categories of farmers that have common interest/s - to target their needs, contributions and decisions. Reflection / feed backing/evaluation at different levels of the research-to improve approaches and actions. Farming communities and local admin express their commitments when R&D partners work with them on priority issues. Interventions that give immediate benefits to the farming communities (e.g. improved crop varieties) – NRM agenda .

35. Linking the high value produces to the market – benefit communities - encourage them to participate in d/t R&D initiatives. Project exist strategies – sustainability of R&D efforts. Documentation of processes and lessons – share experiences to practitioners Integration challenges – capacity of supporting institutions Data sharing/data base issues – staff turnover dynamism

36. Thank you for listening!!