Agriculture microbiology

This ppt is made for BSc students only

1. Developments in Agriculture Microbiology By: Dr. MohammedAzim Bagban

2. Agricultural microbiology Agricultural microbiology is a branch of microbiology dealing with plant-associated microbes and plant and animal diseases. It also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility, such as microbial degradation of organic matter and soil nutrient transformations .

3. Soil microbiology Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans. These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. This led to more advanced microorganisms , which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes , fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these groups has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil.

4. Development in Soil Microbiology Sergei Winogradsky : He was a Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle-of-life concept . Winogradsky discovered various  biogeochemical cycles  and parts of these cycles.

5. Sergei Winogradsky have isolated different types of bacteria from soil having different abilities. Some bacteria are chemoautotrophic. They grow only on inorganic substances and CO 2

6. Some bacteria were doing nitrogen fixation for plants. e .g. Azatobactor , Rhizobium

7. Some bacteria could covert sulfur and other compounds. E.g. Green sulfur bacteria

8. Martinus Beijerinck Martinus Willem Beijerinck (16 March 1851 – 1 January 1931) was a Dutch microbiologist and botanist. He is often considered one of the founders of virology and environmental microbiology .

9. Martinus Beijerinck Development of Enrichment culture media as he isolated cellulose digesting bacteria. He isolated free living nitrogen fixing bacteria belonging to Beijerinckia . He explained the symbiotic relationship of bacteria and plants specially in Rhizobium and leguminous plants.

10. Developments in Plant pathology Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) First scientific record of relationship between bacteria and apple & pears was made by Burill in 1878. Erwin Smith explained that plant disease can be transmitted by budding or grafting.

11. In 1894, Iwanowsky explained filter passing agents responsible for Tobacco mosaic disease. In 1898, Beijerinck Explained that causative agent for mosaic disease are Virus. Hashimoto, A.B. Bell, A Adams, and J.C Shaw explained viral diseases of plants transmitted by insects. (e.g. Arthropod-borne plant viruses ). In 1969, Owen explained the role of bacterial toxins and enzymes in production of diseases.

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