AIMS AND SCOPE OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY.pptx

Pediatrc dentistry

1. AIMS AND SCOPE OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY DR. A B BINDU

2. Child The most benevolent creation is a dynamic organism undergoing constant mental, physical and emotional changes

3. WHO terminology for a child from birth to 19 years Newborn - 1 – 28 days Infant - Up to 12 months Children - 1- 10 years Adolescent - 10 – 19 years

4. Difference between Child and an Adult patient Different and unique exposures to the child Unique exposure pathways - Transplacental - Breast feeding Exploratory behaviours - Hand to mouth, object to mouth - Non nutritive ingestion

5. Stature and living zones, Micro enviornments -Location - Surface area to volume Children ...... Danger - Pre ambulatory - Adolescent

6. Dynamic developmental physiology - Xenobiotics - Energy, Water, Oxygen - Absorption - Biotransformation - Distribution - Elimination - Critical windows of development

7. Longer life - more disease - Longer morbidity Politically powerless

8. Head is larger and heavier compared to body Adult head not heavier than body Children have thinner skin Adult skin is not thinner as child Rapidly dividing cells Normal cell division No tears in early infancy Tears forms Anatomic and Physiologic Difference

9. Respiratory system Children Adult In neonates & infants respiratory tract is delicate & do not produce mucous Well developed Eustachian tube short & straight , short distance between trachea & bronchi long Tonsil and adenoids are larger smaller Respiratory tract obstructions occurs commonly Less chances of obstruction Respiratory rate is more Respiratory rate is less Mouth pack depressing oral cavity, retractor depressing tongue posteriorly A 20-30 degreehead tilt best for treating child

10. Alveolar ventilation is greater in child but functional residual capacity is less. AV/FRV decides Changes in inspired gas concentration. Children react more rapidly to inhaled gases.

11. Cardiovascular system Stroke volume is low due to inefficiency of left ventricle, so cardiac output depends mainly on heart rate in children Children more prone to bradycardia as parasympathetic tone is more here.

12. Children Adult Tongue larger Nasal & oral passages are small Small tongue Large nasal & oral passages Cardiac sphincter is relaxed Tight Emptying time of stomach is about 2-3 hrs in toddlers very slow Food passes rapidly in infants & neonates, loose stool. Slowly absorbs, hard stool Liver is 4% of total body weight, occupies more space in abdominal cavity Little space is occupied by liver Gastro-intestinal system

13. Due to relaxed cardiac sphincter frequent regurgitation & vomiting during infancy Cardiac sphincter tight GI functioning is immature & involuntary Proper GI functioning & voluntary control Temporary teeth Permanent teeth

14. Urinary system Infant kidneys are immature with reduced ability to filtrate & concentrate urine Kidneys are mature enough for proper function Nephron not well developed and functioning Nephron properly functioning Not under voluntary control Under voluntary control

15. Psycological differences Children are fearful and avoid strangers More bond with parents and separation anxiety is common Short attention span, easily distractable

16. Behaviour considerations First dental visit Behaviour management Effective & efficient treatment difficult to achieve Treatment considerations Oral surgical considerations Cavity design Radiography Endodontic

17. Pedodontics is a branch of dentistry concerned with providing comprehensive dental care and treatment for the child patient , making it the most satisfying and rewarding speciality. Pedo ( Pais ) - child Dontics - study of tooth

18. PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY – ISPPD PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY - AAPD

19. Defnition Paediatric dentistry (AAPD- 1999) is a age defined speciality that provides both primary and comprehensive, preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescent, including those with special health care needs

20. Aims of Pedodontics 1. To determine what is best for the child at that moment 2. What is best for the adult into whom the child will eventually grow

21. Objectives of Pedodontics Overall health Prevention Treatment - Comprehensive oral health care Monitoring developing dentition Update knowledge & deliver quality dental care to child Instill a positive dental attitude. (Trained Psychologist)

22. History Ancient origins 5000 BC – 201 Begining profession – middle ages: 500-1575 Developing profession : 1723- 1790 Advances in science & education : 1801- 1899 Innovations in techniques & technology : 1903- 1998

23. Father of Pedodontics – Robert Bunon ,1764 Father of dentistry – Pierre Fauchard Father of Dentistry in India - Dr Rafi uddin Ahmed(Dentist act) Father of Paediatric Dentistry in India – Dr Bal Raj Vacher First Dental college , 1920 Pedodontics , 1950 ISPPD –“ Every child has a fundamental right to his/ her total oral health” and the society has an obligation to fulfill this faith

24. PEDODONTIC TREATMENT TRIANGLE – G Z Wright , 1975

25. PEDODONTIC TREATMENT TRIANGLE- Mc Donald, 2004

26. AUTHORITATIVE & NEGLECTED PARENT

27. SCOPE OF PEDODONTICS