Air Conditioning Systems in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

The ppt contains detailed study of all Air Conditioning Systems with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU.

1. Air-conditioning systems 1 Faculty Name: Prof . Ajaypalsinh G. Barad Branch: Mechanical Semester : 6 th Name of Subject: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

2. Coverage Introduction Classification System components All air systems All water systems Air water systems Room air conditioners Packaged air conditioning plant Central air conditioning systems Split air conditioning systems 2

3. Introduction: The air conditioning is defined as “ The process of treating air in an indoor environment (room or space) to establish and maintain required standards of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and motion of air .” 3

4. Introduction: The complete process of air conditioning includes following processes: Cooling or heating the air as per requirement of temperature Addition of moisture in air (Humidification) or removal of moisture from air (Dehumidification). Controlling movement of air (air motion) Purification of air (cleaning or filtering) Addition of fresh air from outside (ventilation) Distribution of air 4

5. Classification of Air Conditioning System: Based on way of air cooling: Direct cooling system Indirect cooling system Based on major function Comfort air conditioning system Industrial air conditioning system Based on season of year Winter air conditioning system Summer air conditioning system Year round air conditioning system 5

6. Classification of Air Conditioning System: Based on arrangement of equipments Unitary air conditioning system Window air conditioner Split air conditioner Package air conditioner Central ail - conditioning system All air system All water ( hydronic ) system Air-water system Zoned system 6

7. Air conditioning system components: An air conditioning system is an assembly of different parts of the system used to produce a specified condition of air within a required space or building. Air conditioning system has following components: Cooling source Heating element Control system Distribution system Fans Filter Grille Tray 7

8. Room (Window) air conditioners: 8

9. Limitation of window air conditioner: It produces noise in the room because of compressor is very near to the room. The evaporator and condenser is enclosed in single unit. Therefore evaporator cannot be used as an interior of room because condenser requires outside air for cooling. It requires appropriate size of window or hole in wall in order to fit the conditioner. Room (Window) air conditioners: 9

10. First part: Includes the evaporator, filter, evaporator fan and grille. They placed inside the room. Second part: Includes condenser, fan, and compressor. This placed outside the room. Split Air Conditioner: 10

11. First part: Includes the evaporator, filter, evaporator fan and grille. They placed inside the room. Second part: Includes condenser, fan, and compressor. This placed outside the room. Split Air Conditioner: 11

12. Advantages of Split AC over Window AC: The compressor is outside of the room, therefore no compressor noise, and vibration in the room or space to be conditioned. No window opening and fixing needed. The first part can be located in the room with decorative display. It can be mounted on floor, ceiling, and wall or behind a decorative structure. Split Air Conditioner: 12

13. 13

14. The Advantages of unit: It is fully factory made and hence proper selection and balance of components is possible. All the manufacturing and testing processes like assembly, leak testing, processing and charging carried out under factory conditions. Inspection and testing of the complete unit before it leaves the factory. Hence, better quality is maintained. Delivery of unit to the site with full assembly and in working order, hence avoiding site delays for materials. Fully assembled unit requires less time for installation and hence minimum of inconvenience and cost. Package Air Conditioning System: 14

15. It is fully Summer air conditioning system: 15

16. It is fully Winter air conditioning system: 16

17. It is fully Year round air conditioning system: 17

18. The system may be classified as follows: All air system All water system Air water system Central air conditioning system 18

19. Single duct, single zone, CV All air system 19

20. Single duct, Multi zone, CV All air system 20

21. Duel duct, Multi zone, CV All air system 21

22. Single duct, Multi zone, VAV All air system 22

23. Advantages: Possible to use a wide variety of air filters and avoid noise in the conditioned space. Complete absence of drain pipes, electrical wiring, and filters at the conditioned space. In case of dual duct systems, it is possible to provide simultaneous cooling and heating. Seasonal change over is very simple and easy to automate. Very flexible heating and cooling can occur in different zones simultaneously All air system 23

24. Disadvantages: It requires more space, reduces the available floor space. Due to space constraints it may be difficult to provide air conditioning in high rise buildings with the plant on the ground floor or basement. Due to the space requirement retrofitting may not always be possible. Balancing of air may be difficult in case of large and particularly with variable air volume systems. All air system 24

25. All Water system 25

26. FCU-terminal All Water system 26

27. Advantages: The plant size is small due to the absence of large supply air fans. It is easier to retrofit to existing buildings. The thermal distribution system requires very less space compared to all air systems. In case of four pipe system, simultaneous cooling and heating is possible. Solar or waste heat can be utilized for winter heating. All Water system 27

28. Disadvantages: It requires higher maintenance compared to all air system. The filters are small, low in efficiency and require frequent replacement. The ventilation depends on wind and hence, it is difficult to ensure positive ventilation under all circumstances when ventilation is provided by opening windows or wall apertures. Control of humidity, particularly during summer is difficult using chi lied water control valves. All Water system 28

29. Air - Water system 29

30. FCU for Air-Water Air - Water system 30

31. Advantages: Rooms can be individually controlled at relatively low cost, which control either the secondary water flow rate or the secondary air (in fan coil units) or both. The amount of primary air supplied is less than that of an all air systems therefore, space requirement is reduced. There is no latent heat transfer is required in the cooling coil placed in the conditioned space, and its life thereby increases. Terminal units in case of induction unit does not have fans, motors, or compressors and hence service of indoor units is relatively simpler compared to all water systems. Air - Water system 31

32. Disadvantages: Need for handling and controlling both air and water, operation and control are complicated. The water coils in the conditioned space can become dirty if the quality of filters used in the room units is not good. Initial cost could be high compared to all air systems. Shutting down the supply of primary air to unoccupied spaces is not possible because constant amount of primary air is supplied to conditioned space, and room control is only through the control of room cooling / heating coils. Air - Water system 32