Air handling system

Air handling system- An overview of Pharmaceutical air handling systems

1. VINOTH R 2061010003 M.Pharm (IP) – 1 st Semester AIR HANDLING SYSTEM

2. CONTENTS HVAC systems Air handling units Air filteration systems Dust collectors Humidity and temperature control AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS

3. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems are the integral part of environmental control system design. Basic components of HVAC: 1. Air Handling Unit 2. Air distribution Dust network Insulator Dampers/valves Return lower & grills. 3. Air filters HVAC systems

4. AHU is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating ventilating and air-conditioning ( HVAC) system. It is a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, humidity & temperature control loops. Air Handling Unit

5. Temperatures in the 68-74°F (19-23°C) range is comfortable for working environment. Temperature control is important in the areas where autoclaves, ovens, dry heat sterilization tunnels are present. Humidity comfort levels are in the 45-55% RH range. Air dryers can be used to maintain lower than normal humidity levels. Temperature and humidity control

6. CONTENTS Introduction Types of filteration Mechanisms of filteration Types of air filters AIR FILTERATION SYSTEMS

7. Filteration is an important aspect of environmental control in Pharmaceutical industry. The main aim of filteration is to produce dust free atmosphere. It is required in areas like spray drying, coating, granulating, milling, packaging etc. Filters are selected based on the required environment. INTRODUCTION

8. Air filteration involves the removal of unwanted particles due to collision of particles with the filter. Such removal of particles due to collisions are governed by forces called as a) Impingement b) Diffusion c) Interception Mechanisms of air filteration

9. Air filter efficiency is Maximum – impingement in low velocity diffusion at high velocities Minimum – impingement in high velocity diffusion at low velocities Air filter efficiency

10. Air filters are made up of fibre glass, sinter glass, charcoal, glass wool, dry fabric, oil wetting fabric. Purpose: final filter post filter fine filter intermediate filter Air filters

11. Ultra low penetration and high efficiency particulate air filters(ULPA & HEPA) 2. Packed towers 3. Membrane filter catridges 4. Hydrophobic filters Types of air filters

12. MEDIA is the filtering material.Eg : glass fiber, synthetic fiber, non-woven fiber Sealant is the adhesive material that creates a leak-proof seal between the filter media and the frame. Frame is where the filter media is inserted.Eg:aluminum , stainless steel, plastic or wood. Faceguard is a screen attached to the filter to protect the filter media during handling and installation. Gasket is a rubber or sponge like material used to prevent air leaks between the filter and its housing by compressing the two together. HEPA FILTER

13. HEPA filter performance is dependent upon the following characteristics: Air flow Temperature Pollutant loading Dust holding capacity Filter media Construction of HEPA Operating conditions etc. Characterstics

14. Dust collectors are used for equipment maintenance. Air pollution is controlled. Main features Low cost & maintenance Most commonly used for all type of medium from coarse to fine except <5 microns particles. Collection efficiency of 10 to 100 microns with multiclones . Dust collectors

15. 1) Dry mechanical collectors 2) Wet collectors & scrubbers 3) Fabric collectors 4) ESP Types of dust collectors

16. Collection efficiency is influenced by size, shape, weight of the particles Conc. Of dust & inlet velocity Types Gravity seperators Inertial seperators Cyclone collectors High efficiency centrifugals 1.Dry centrifugal collectors

17. Collection mechanism: Collect the droplets Contact particles with water or another liquid Advantages: Can handle high temperature & moisture Dust which represent explosion or fire hazards in the dry form can be wetted and collected 2.Wet collectors

18. Types: Spray dryer Packed towers Wet centrifugal collectors Wet dynamic precipitator Venturi type Orifice type Wet collectors

19. Mechanism: Ionizing the gas Charging the dust particles Transporting the particles to the collecting tube Neutralizing the dust particles Removing the dust from the collecting surface 1.Electrostatic precipitators(ESP)

20. Advantages: Large gas volumes & high collection efficiency for small particles. Disadvantages: This is a costly method ESP

21. Collection mechanism : Impaction Interception Diffusion Advantages: Can handle varying exhaust gas flow rates & particle loading 4.Fabric collectors

22. The amount of filter area depends on: Release characteristics of dust Porosity of dust cake Conc. Of dust in carrier gas stream Type of fabric & surface Airflow patternn within the collector Temperature & humidity within the gas stream Fabric collectors;

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