Air Pollution in depth presentation for UGs

Presentation on Air Pollution

1. AIR POLLUTION

2. CONTENTS Definition Pollutants Indoor Air Pollution Outdoor Air Pollution Health effects of Air Pollution Role of Healthcare workers

3. Definition Presence of substances in ambient air Generated by Human Activities Interfere with Human Health Safety or Comfort Injurious to vegetation and animals Gets into food chain and to add as additional source of exposure

4. What Causes air pollution: Pollutants

5. POLLUTANTS: SOURCE PRIMARY SECONDARY

6. POLLUTANTS: CONTENT PARTICULATE: PM: SOLID PARTICLE + LIQUID DROPLETS GASEOUS

7. POLLUTION: SCALE LOCAL URBAN REGIONAL GLOBAL

8. TYPES of AIR POLLUTION INDOOR OUTDOOR

9. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

10. HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION

11. Clean fuel and technologies

12. SOURCES OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION Use of polluting fuels and devices for cooking, heating, and lighting Use of unclean devices for cooking heating and lighting Tobacco Smoking Building Material Cleaning agents

13. POLLUTANTS OF INDOOR POLLUTION CO PM 2.5

14. Risk OF household air pollution

15. CONTRIBUTORS TO OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION O3 METHANE HYDROFLUROCARBONS BLACK CARBON: COMPONENT OF PM 2.5: 2 ND LARGEST CONTRIBUTOR: CLIMATE CHANGE

16. PROGRESS MADE SO FAR

17. OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION

18. MAJOR COMPONENTS SULPHATES NITRATES AMMONIA SODIUM CHLORIDE BLACK CARBON MINERAL DUST WATER

19. PARTICULATE MATTER COARSE MATTER: PM 10 – 2.5 FINE PARTICLES: PM 2.5 ULTRAFINE PARTICLES: 100 NM

20. SOURCES OF OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION Transportation Industrial and Power Plants Waster Burning Agriculture and Livelihood Wildfires Polluting fuels at household levels

21. DETERMINANTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH IMPACT Increase in Population Increase in Energy Consumption Extraction of Raw material Fossil fuel consumption Deforestation

22. HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

23. CONTINUUM OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT Character of Pollutant Physiology Characteristics of Exposure

24. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE Inhalation Dermal Absorption Ocular Absorption Ingestion

25. Population at high risk

26. EFFECTS OF PM 2.5: SHORT TERM Mortality: CVS and RS Diseases Emergency: COPD Asthma: Exacerbation Decline in Lung functions Airway Inflammation Hypertension Arrythmia

27. EFFECTS OF PM 2.5: LONG TERM Worsening of Diseases of CVS and RS Systems, Lung Cancer CNS: Decline in the volume of White Matter, Dementia MCH: Low Birth Weight

28. EFFECTS OF NO2: SHORT TERM Mortality: RS Disorders Emergency: Asthma attacks Decline in Lung function in Asthma patients

29. EFFECTS OF O3: SHORT TERM COPD Asthma Developing asthma in children Metabolic disorders

30. ROLE of HEALTHCARE WORKERS

31. INDENTIFICATION OF THE VULNERABLE and RISK FACTORS LOCATION FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS SOCIAL FACTORS PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OCCUPATION DAILY COMMUTE HEALTHCARE FAFACILITIES CLEAN ENERGY AT HOME

32. SPREAD THE AWARENESS

33. SPREAD THE AWARENESS

34. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY and air pollution The long-term benefits of regular physical activity outweigh adverse effects of air pollution for PM2.5 concentrations < I00 pg /m 3 Promotion of adaptation to the local pollution levels: Location, Timings Reduce workouts during high pollution episodes: for High Risk groups.

35. Indoor air filters Reduces Systolic BP Increases Peak Expiratory Flow Improvement in Cardiac and Respiratory indicators Improvements better among healthy than in diseased Focus should be on to avoid the exposure to pollutants May only be advised for susceptible individuals

36. N95 masks At population level it is not recommended

37. Unintended effects of protection from air pollution Reduced Physical Activity Reduced Social Interaction Increased Psychological Stress Higher usage of Energy for higher use of Filters

38. Advocacy: key principles Usage of Evidence Base Maintain Credibility Seek and clarify effective interventions Active Collaborations

39. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Generate demand among the people Promote collaborations Work in the community Capacity Building Self-Efficiency Encourage behavioural change

40. THANK YOU