Air transport in India

Useful for tourism students

1. Air Transport

2. Airline Industry First flight: Orville and Wilbur Wright’s at Kitty Hawk (1903) Passenger Service 1910 First schedule airplane passenger began in the U.S. Introduction of Jet aircraft 1958 Jumbo Jet was introduced in 1970 Concorde began service in 1976

3. Royal Dutch Airline – KLM ( K oninklijke L uchtvaart M aatschappij ) started in 1919 and still exists

4. Global Airline Market 2000 Airlines operating more than 25,000 aircraft, providing service to over 3700 airports . The report shows that there are  40.3million flights scheduled in 2019! And it means an average of  110,400  flights per day carrying 930 million passengers. Growth of world air travel has averaged approximately 5% per year over the past 30 years, Expected to double over next 10 – 15 years

5. Genesis of the Indian Airline Industry 1914: First airline between Karachi – Delhi. India is first in Asia to start 1932 : Mr. J.R.D.TATA flies a De Havilland Puss Moth from Karachi to Bombay as part of the first Tata Sons Ltd. flight to deliver mail carried by British Imperial Airways 1948: Govt. of India acquires 49% stake in Tata Airlines, designates it a flag carrier and renames it Air India International (“ AII ”) 1953: Jawaharlal Nehru, in friendly transaction, convinces the Tata Group to let the Govt. of India acquire a majority stake in AII and nationalizes air transport 1953: Indian Airlines formed by merging eight former independent domestic airlines 1960: India enters the jet age with an Air India B707 ; USA and India are connected for the first time with an Indian airline 1989: Indian Airlines becomes one of the first airlines to induct the A320 into its fleet 1990: East West Airlines becomes the 1st private airline since 1953 2004: Air Deccan the first no-frills airline

6. Airlines in India

7. Scheduled Airlines Air India (FSC) Vistara (FSC) Indigo (LCC) GoAir (LCC) Air India Express (LCC) Spicejet (LCC) AirAsia India (LCC)

8. Regional Airlines Alliance air – Subsidiary of air india Air Deccan – Operating from Ahmedabad Air Heritage – owned by heritage aviation Star Air – Bangalore based and does trip to neighboring states Supreme Airline – Based on Rajasthan Tru Jet – Based in Hyderabad Tru Star - Hyderabad Zoom Air – Delhi based

9. Others.. Besides Scheduled and Regional airlines, here are chartered airlines and three cargo airlines line blue dart, spiceXpress , Quikjet airlines. We also have Air Kerala proposed as a subsidiary of CIAL

10. Airports in India India has a total of 34 operational International Airports and 80 domestic airports. The first international airport that operated in India is  Cochin International Airport in Kerala, India , whereas, the recently added airport in the list of International Airports is the  Kannur International Airport situated in Kerala

11. Airport is a company ( From where does it get income ? ) The charges levied by Airports Authority of India (AAI) are under two broad heads viz., Air Navigation Services (ANS) and Route Navigation Facility Charges Terminal navigational landing charges Landing charges Parking and Housing charges Airport Services UDF (User Development F ee) Passenger Service Fee (for departing passenger) Fuel Throughput Charges Landing a flight in an airport is a costly affair

12. Civil Aviation Administration 1. DGCA 2. AAI 3. BCAS For detailed notes refer: shorturl.at/jsI04

13. Directorate General of Civil Aviation The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the regulatory body in the field of Civil Aviation. It is responsible for regulation of air transport services to/from/within India and for enforcement of civil air regulations, air safety, and airworthiness standards. The DGCA also co-ordinates all regulatory functions with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Registration of civil aircraft, Licensing of pilots and other concerned parties

14. Airports Authority of India The Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the International Airports Authority of India and the National Airports Authority. It is entrusted with: Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and domestic airports. Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the territorial limits of the country, as accepted by ICAO. Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals & cargo terminals at international and domestic airports. Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger terminals at airports.

15. Bureau of Civil Aviation Security The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) was set in January 1978. The main responsibilities of BCAS include laying down standards and measures with respect to security of civil flights at international and domestic airports in India.

16. Difference between IATA & ICAO ICAO is a UN body with 193 member countries IATA is a trade organization ICAO codes are used for "official" purposes such as Air Traffic Control; IATA codes are mainly used for ticketing. E.g. travel itineraries use IATA codes for airports and IATA flight numbers . IATA establishes standards for the fare construction rules They are both doing a tremendous job considering the fact that there are more 1,00,000 flights every day

17. IATA and ICAO Airports IATA Codes ICAO Codes Kochi COK VOCI Chennai MAA VOMM Trivandrum TRV VOTV Bengaluru BLR VOBL Los Angeles LAX KLAX London LON EGLL Manila MNL RPLL

18. Airline itinerary Airline Itinerary: An airline itinerary identifies the origin point, stopping points , connecting points and destination points of a flight. An airline itinerary is of two types- International and Domestic. An airline itinerary, which has points within India , is called a domestic itinerary and if the points are outside India, it is known an international air itinerary. Two things are required to plan airline itinerary – timetables and airline guide.

19. Travel Information Manual (TIM) Published monthly, the TIM (Travel Information Manual) is the world's leading source of Passport, Visa and Health documentation regulations for passengers . Key Benefits The TIM is a must for all who are involved in the travel industry. This unique manual lists rules and regulations for more than 216 countries on subjects such as: Passports Visas Health information Airport tax Customs and currencies Latest news Designed for: The information found in TIM is consulted by thousands of users around the world every day, including airline offices, travel agents, corporate accounts, tour operators, GDS and government agencies. 25

20. Official Airline Guide (OAG) OAG is a global travel data provider with headquarters in the UK. OAG  is an air travel intelligence company that provides accurate, timely and actionable digital information and applications to the world’s airlines, airports, government agencies and travel-related service companies .

21. Segment & Leg A segment refers to a single flight with the same flight number. For example , if you travel from A to B, change planes at B, and then travel from B to C, you will have flown two segments. On the other hand, if you travel from A to C and the flight stops at B , but you don’t change planes, then your trip from A to C is one segment from the point of view of fare rules . A Leg  is a trip of an aircraft from one airport to another. Short flights are 1 leg. Long-haul may have 2 or more legs. The rough rule of thumb is that segments are what you buy, Legs are what you fly.

22. Types of air service Full Service Carriers - offers passengers in flight entertainment,checked baggage, meals, beverages and comforts such as blankets and pillows in the ticket price. The seats generally have more recline than a low cost  carrier  as well as more leg room. Low Cost Carriers (No frills airline) LCC FSC

23. Classes of service First Class Business Class Economy Class

24. Air Fares There are two types of fares Published fares Unpublished fares

25. Types of published fares Normal fare tickets which are usually refundable, re-routable and have no expiry dates APEX fares : are discounted international fares. Such fares usually require tickets to be purchased in advance (such as 7, 14, or 21 day minimum advance purchase ), and will have other restrictions - non-refundable, change fees are just a few of the possible restrictions Discount Fares: are fares that tend to have a smaller price tag, and are offered for a limited time. They usually have a long list of restrictions such as specific travel dates, minimum and maximum stay ( for example , a minimum Saturday night stay, a maximum 30 day stay), etc. Keep a copy of the rules because seat sale fares come and go quickly, and the rules and restrictions can be harder ( sometimes impossible ) to retrieve online.

26. 4. Excursion fares (Promotional fares) :  are lower priced fares that involve restrictions linked to the time of year, a minimum or maximum stay and requiring a roundtrip ticket purchase . 5. Joint fares  are offered by airlines that have a partner relationship on select routes . 6. Through fares  are offered to passengers willing to travel to their final destination by traveling through a gateway city . Suppose you are travelling to A to C via B, you will be offered one fare from A to C instead of A to B and B to C fare 7. Bereavement fares: A discounted fare offered to family members travelling because of an imminent death or death in the family 8. Youth/child/senior fares : T his depends on the airline and the airfare. However, these discounts may only apply to full-fare tickets. Infants are usually classified as up to 24 months old (2 years ). Children are from 2-11 years old.

27. Unpublished  Fares These airfares are not available online through flight booking websites and neither on the airline’s own website To get an unpublished airfare, you will need to contact a travel agent. Travel agents find these airfares through a Global Distribution System (GDS ) Unpublished airfares are also known as private airfares, wholesale airfares, consolidator airfares . Opaque airfares Opaque airfare prices are shown without revealing the airline or the flight number (and in some cases the flight times). Airlines offer these opaque fares as a way to keep the prices private until after they are purchased.

28. Air Ticket

29. Fare classes Booking code Meaning F full-fare  First class J full-fare  Business class W full-fare  Premium economy Y full-fare  Economy class Code Meaning E "Excursion Fare". These fares typically had a minimum and maximum stay requirement to encourage use by the holiday market and not business travellers. H or L High or low season W or X weekday (X) or restricted to weekends (W OW One-way fare only RT Return fare CH Child fare (typically up to 11 years old, but 15 in some cases) IN Infant fare (typically up to 2 years old, but 3 years in some cases)

30. Freedoms of Air

31. Air Freedom Rights First Second Home Country A Country B Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eight Ninth

32. Types of chartered flights

33. Air Charter Services Charter flights are private vehicle that can be hired for a specific purpose, purpose of flying an individual or group to any destination of choice. The air charter services include operation of helicopters which can be landed close to the destination. This is private flying where there is no interference while travelling and at the same time offer security and luxury. Charter flights are used for variety of purposes. From indulging individuals for business purposes and flying time-sensitive consignments, charter flights perform the services of traditional aircrafts but can be personalized according to the requirements. Further, charter flights are also hired for emergency air transport services. For example, they can be used in case of medical emergencies.

34. Single Entity Charter Flights They are kind of private charter that is commonly used for business needs. The company or individuals hire the flight and bears the entire cost of the flight travel. People who travel in the single entity charter flights do not pay for their travel . When you book a private charter, you pay for the entire flight. This is mainly used by companies for business meetings, employee incentive travel and occasionally for luxury travel.

35. Affinity Charter Flights Like single entity charters, affinity charters are also private charters that are booked by business and organizations or groups. However, contrary to the company or single person paying for the charter flight, the passengers travelling pay their own fare . This is typically used by a group of people or family on a holiday, sport and as tourism package. While the airfares are paid by individuals, the flight is not open for public booking.

36. Public Charter Flights As the name suggests, the seats of charter flights owned by the operators are rented out to the public. This can be done directly or through travel agents. These kinds of flights are operated by the tourism operators . This is not operated throughout the year but seasonal. They are operated during holidays or as part of vacation package that tour operators offer their customers. The schedule is designed by the tour operator and they take the legal responsibility to provide the transportation service to the passengers. With public charters, same guidelines of security have to be followed as we opt for commercial flight.

37. Air Charter Services in India In India the charter service providers are also called as non-scheduled operators. There are 126 non-scheduled permit holders in India having 360 aircrafts in place. Most of them are for private purposes used by business conglomerates. There are also few charter operators for commercial purposes. They rent the aircrafts and operate based on the demand. Non-scheduled operators do not have a published time table or with flights so regular or frequent. However, they are let to operate for carriage of passengers, mails and goods and include charter operations.

38. T h a n k y o u