Airborne diseases

Airborne disease can spread when people with certain infections cough, sneeze, or talk, spewing nasal and throat secretions into the air. Some viruses or bacteria take flight and hang in the air or land on other people or surfaces.

When you breathe in airborne pathogenic organisms, they take up residence inside you. You can also pick up germs when you touch a surface that harbors them, and then touch your own eyes, nose, or mouth.

Because these diseases travel in the air, they’re hard to control. Keep reading to learn more about the common types of airborne diseases and what you can do to protect yourself from catching them.

1. SHRI SHANKARACHARYA MAHAVIDYALAYA ,JUNWANI BHILAI AIR BORNE DISEASES Dr. Rachana Choudhary Department of Microbiology Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya Junwani , Bhilai

2. SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF AIRBORNE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES BACTERIAL DISEASES FUNGAL DISEASES OVERVIEW OF AIR BORNE DISEASES TRANSMISSION CAUSES PREVENTION & TRATMENT REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION An  airborne disease  is any disease that is caused by  pathogens  that can be transmitted through the air. The relevant pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi They may be spread through breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, raising of dust, spraying of liquids, toilet flushing Any activities which generates  aerosol  particles or droplets. Human airborne diseases do not include conditions caused by air pollution such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gasses and any airborne particles, though their study and prevention may help inform the science of airborne disease transmission.

4. OVERVIEW Airborne diseases include any that are caused via transmission through the air. Many airborne diseases are of great medical importance. The pathogens transmitted may be any kind of microbe, and they may be spread in aerosols, dust or liquids. Airborne pathogens or  allergens  often cause  inflammation  in the nose, throat, sinuses and the lungs. This is caused by the inhalation of these pathogens that affect a person's respiratory system or even the rest of the body. Sinus congestion, coughing and sore throats are examples of inflammation of the upper respiratory air way due to these airborne agents. Air pollution plays a significant role in airborne diseases which is linked to  asthma . Airborne diseases can also affect non-humans. For example,  Newcastle disease  is an avian disease that affects many types of domestic poultry worldwide which is transmitted via airborne contamination.

5. OVERVIEW   Pollutants  are said to influence lung function by increasing air way inflammation. Many common infections can spread by airborne transmission at least in some cases. including:  Anthrax  (inhalational),  Chickenpox ,  Influenza ,  Measles ,  Smallpox ,  Cryptococcosis , and  Tuberculosis . CAUSES An airborne disease can be caused by exposure to a source: an infected patient or animal, by being transferred from the infected person or animal’s mouth, nose, cut, or needle puncture. People receive the disease through a portal of entry: mouth, nose, cut, or needle puncture.

6. TYPES OF AIRBORNE DISEASES BACTERIAL DISEASES Tuberculosis, pneumonia, whooping cough, diptheria , meningitis and anthrax are examples of bacterial airborne diseases. VIRAL DISEASES Diseases such as the common cold, the flu, measles, mumps, rubella, fifth disease and chickenpox are airborne diseases caused by virus. Measles, mumps and chicken pox are usually considered childhood diseases, although they can affect adults. FUNGAL DISEASES Fungal airborne diseases are primarily spread through the inhalation of spores. Unlike viral and bacterial airborne diseases , fungal airborne disease are almost entirely noncommunicable . Carpet and floor dusts, latex paint, moist building materials, molds, and mildews are all sources of fungal spores.

7. Types of influenza virus Influenza A Most common and most serious Can lead to epidemics Influenza B Can also cause epidemics Symptoms are milder Influenza C Never connected with large epidemics

8. What is SARS? Center for Disease Control Definition SARS is a respiratory illness of unknown etiology. It was first identified in February 2003. SARS was first noticed in Southeast Asia. More than 100 cases have been reported in the United States Public health experts think that SARS is spread by close contact between people

9. How SARS Spreads SARS is most likely spread when someone sick from the disease coughs droplets into the air and someone else breathes the virus in It is possible that SARS may spread more broadly through the air or from touching an object that is contaminated

10. Pr eventio n 51 Maintain good personal hygiene Wear a mask properly Keep the environment clean and hygienic Ensure good ventilation Adopt a healthy lifestyle

11. Treatment for common airborne diseases For most airborne diseases, you’ll need plenty of rest and fluids. Further treatment depends on your specific illness. Some airborne diseases, such as chickenpox, have no targeted treatment. However, medications and other supportive care can help relieve symptoms. Some, such as the flu, can be treated with antiviral drugs. Treatment for infants with whooping cough can include antibiotics, and hospitalization is often needed. There are drugs to treat and cure TB, although some strains of TB are drug resistant. Failure to complete the course of medicine can lead to drug resistance and return of symptoms. If caught early enough, diphtheria can be successfully treated with antitoxins and antibiotics

12. REFERENCES Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan & Paniker’s . Textbook of Microbiology for nursing student by R.R. Rao . Textbook of Microbiology by R. C. Duby & D.K Maheshwari. Textbook of Microbiology by Karen.C.Caroll . Textbook of Microbiology by Dr. C. P. Baveja .

13. Thank you