AL and Bilingualism applied linguistics

linguistics

1. Bilingualism & Multilingualism
& Applied Linguistics
Dr Farida Panhwar
Institute of English Language &
Literature, University of Sindh,
Jamshoro, Pakistan

2. Issues in Bilingualism &
Multilingualism

The applied linguistics presents the issues
related to bilingualism and multilingualism in
order to gain an in-depth understanding of
language use in bi/multilingual settings.

Bilingualism is the linguistic competence in
two languages while multilingualism is the
linguistic competence in more than two
languages .

3. Issues in Bilingualism &
Multilingualism

The key issue in the bi/multilingualism is
related to a wide spectrum of social,
economic and political factors that determine
progress and sustainable development that
affect the dynamics of languages in use.
 

4. Issues of dichotomies in
Multilingualism

A complexity view of language dissolves
dichotomies that have been axiomatic in
linguistics.

Dichotomising has contributed to static
conceptualisations of language.

Instead, we take language as a dynamic
system that is being continually transformed
by use.

5. Issues of dichotomies in
Multilingualism
A language at any point in time is the way it
is because of the way it has been used, and
any use of language changes it.
Thus, if language is viewed as an open,
continually evolving, system rather than a
closed one, then concepts such as “end-
state” grammars become anomalous since
open systems are constantly undergoing
change, sometimes rather rapidly.

6. Issues of dichotomies in
Multilingualism
In the multilingual complex system one code
become more privileged than others and
privilege might be bestowed because certain
structures have greater semantic or
pragmatic utility or because they are
associated with certain prestigious dialects or
because of their specialized register or
function.

7. What are complex systems?

Complex systems are composed of elements or agents that are
different types and change over time.

Complex systems are open and dynamic in nature.

Suppose a city is a complex system, composed of agents like people,
places, routes and activities.

These agents of the system interact in multiple and changing ways.

For example, people live, shop and work in certain places as a result
of family history, transport systems, economic and many other
factors.

Over time, these factors change and the city self-organises and
adapts changes.

The dynamics of the city as complex system produce the emergence
of a new phenomenon which is called “city centre living”.

8. Complex systems theory

Complex systems theory is a more scientific, focusing on the dynamics
of whole systems, explaining real-world phenomena.

Complex systems theory seems to make better sense of our experience
as
applied linguists and to offer fascinating new tools for thinking and for
research.

Complex systems theory focuses on change in a multilingual society.

This system describes different elements in continuous flux and how
they change over time seem to resonate with the problem spaces of
applied linguistics.

9. Complex systems theory in
linguistics

A complexity view of language have been axiomatic
(obvious) reveals insights into the nature of
language.

It has contributed to static conceptualizations of
language.
Instead, we take language that is being continually
transformed by use rather focuses on the way it has
been used, and changes.

Thus, if language is viewed as an open, continually
evolving, system rather than a closed one.

10. Complex systems theory in
linguistics

As emergent forms are taken up as adaptations by
members of a speech community, some become
more privileged than others
and endure or, at least, change at slower rates than
others.

Privilege might be bestowed because certain
structures have greater semantic or pragmatic
utility or because they are associated with certain
prestigious dialects or because of their specialized
register or function.

11. Complex systems theory in
linguistics
Although, there are many speech
communities that still maintained identity as
“Same Language” within the time-scale and
motivation in a multilingual society.
When two or more speech systems interact
and adapt to each other, the linguistic
systems changes as a result of co-
adaptation.
On longer time space the co-adaptation
changes the language-system/s.

12. Complex systems theory in
linguistics

The complex systems, when applied to
language, suggests that we do not need to
view the emergence of complex rules but
investigates a bottom-up occurring patterns
of language use.

In this way complexity theory provides an
explanation for the emergence of
macroscopic order

13. Complex systems theory in
linguistics