aldehydes-and-ketones for your chemistry

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1. CLASSES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES AN OXYGEN ATOM CAN ALSO BE ATTACHED TO A SINGLE CARBON ATOM BY A DOUBLE COVALENT BOND ( C O ). SUCH AN ARRANGEMENT IS CALLED A CARBONYL GROUP

3. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES THE EXACT NATURE OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A CARBONYL GROUP DEPENDS UPON THE LOCATION OF THE GROUP ON THE PARENT HYDROCARBON CHAIN. IF ONE OF TWO REMAINING BONDS OF CARBONYL GROUP CARBON IS ATTACHED TO HYDROGEN ATOM, AN ALDEHYDE IS FORMED

4. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES AN ALDEHYDE MOLECULE HAS A CARBONYL GROUP AT THE END OF A HYDROCARBON CHAIN.THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR AN ALDEHYDE IS R CHO

5. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WHEN BOTH BONDS OF THE CARBONYL GROUP CARBON ARE ATTACHED TO CARBON ATOMS, A KETONE IS FORMED. A KETONE MOLECULE HAS A CARBONYL GROUP ON THE INTERIOR OF A HYDROCARBON CHAIN.

6. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES KETONES HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA R COR’

7. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

8. NAMING ALDEHYDES AND KETONES NAMING AN ALDEHYDE ACCORDING TO THE IUPAC SYSTEM REQUIRES THAT YOU ADD THE SUFFIX –AL TO THE ROOT NAME OF THE PARENT HYDROCARBON TO IDENTIFY THE MOLECULE AS AN ALDEHYDE

9. NAMING ALDEHYDES AND KETONES THE COMPOUND IS AN ALDEHYDE BECAUSE THE CARBON ATOM OF THE CARBONYL GROUP IS BONDED TO A HYDROGEN ATOM.TWO CARBON ATOMS INDICATE THE STEM ETHAN-, SO THE ALDEHYDE SUFFIX MAKES THE NAME ETHANAL

10. NAMING ALDEHYDES AND KETONES THE NAME OF A KETONE ACCORDING TO THE IUPAC SYSTEM IS ALSO FORMED FROM THE ROOT OF THE HYDROCARBON. IN THIS CASE HOWEVER, THE SUFFIX IS -ONE THIS COMPOUND IS A KETONE BECAUSE IT CONTAINS A CARBONYL GROUP IN THE INTERIOR OF THE HYDROCARBON. THE STEM IS PENT- DUE TO THE 5 CARBON ATOMS, SO THE IUPAC NAME IS 3-PENTANE BECAUSE THE CARBONYL GROUP CAN BE LOCATED ON ANY INTERIOR CARBON, THE NAME OF THE KETONE MUST ALSO INCLUDE THE NUMBER OF THE CARBONYL CARBON IN THE PARENT CHAIN

11. PROPERTIES OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES STRONGER INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTIONS AND HIGHER MELTING AND BOILING POINTS THAN THEIR CORRESPONDING HYDROCARBONS EXAMPLE OF ALDEHYDE ( METHANAL/FORMALDEHYDE) EXAMPLE OF AKETONE ( PROPANONE/ACETONE)

12. NAME THE FOLLOWING MOLECULES WRITE THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA FOR 4- OCTANONE