ALUMINUM OF PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

ALUMINUM
THE 13TH ELEMENT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
*WHAT IS ALUMINUM?
- Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is 'alumen' meaning bitter salt.�Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the "ium" ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries.
Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead.
*WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?
-Hans Christian Oersted
*FACTS ABOUT OERSTED
-Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked.
He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet.
The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world.
Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.
ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS:
Symbol: Al�Atomic Number: 13�Atomic Weight:26.981539�Element Classification Basic Metal�CAS Number: 7429-90-5

Aluminum Periodic Table Location
Group: 13�Period: 3�Block: p

ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA
State at room temperature (300 K): Solid�Appearance: soft, light, silvery white metal�Density: 2.6989 g/cc�Density at Melting Point: 2.375 g/cc�Specific Gravity: 7.874 (20 °C)�Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F
Boiling Point: 2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F�Critical Point: 8550 K�Heat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/mol�Heat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/mol�Molar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol·K�Specific Heat: 24.200 J/g·K (at 20 °C)
*Uses and properties
-Image explanation
Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element.
-Appearance
Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.malleable.

1. ALUMINUM The 13 th element in the periodic table of elements

2. HISTORY OF ALUMINUM… History:  Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate- KAl (SO 4 ) 2 ) has been used since ancient times. It was used in tanning, dyeing, and as an aid to stop minor bleeding and even  as an ingredient in baking powder . In 1750, German chemist Andreas Marggraf found a technique to produce a new form of alum without the sulfur. This substance was called alumina, which is known as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) today. Most contempory chemists of the time believed alumina was an 'earth' of an previously unknown metal. Aluminum metal was finally isolated in 1825 by Danish chemist Hans Christian Ørsted ( Oersted ). German chemist Friedrich Wöhler attempted unsuccessfully to reproduce Ørsted's technique and found an alternate method that also produced metallic aluminum two years later. Historians differ on who should receive credit for the discovery.

3. Name:  Aluminum derives its  name from alum . The Latin name for alum is ' alumen ' meaning bitter salt. Note on Naming:  Sir Humphry Davy proposed  the name aluminum  for the element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the " ium " ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries. Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925, when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead.

4. WHO DISCOVERED ALUMINUM?

5. Hans Christian Oersted

6. FACTS ABOUT OERSTED Hans Christian Oersted launched a new epoch in science when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked . He showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a nearby magnet . The discovery of electromagnetism set the stage for the eventual development of our modern technology-based world . Oersted also discovered the chemical compound piperine and achieved the first isolation of the element aluminum.

7. WHAT IS ALUMINUM?

8. The name is derived from the Latin name for alum, ' alumen ' meaning bitter salt. ALUMINUM BASIC FACTS: Symbol :  Al Atomic Number :  13 Atomic Weight : 26.981539 Element Classification   Basic Metal CAS Number:  7429-90-5

9. Aluminum  Periodic Table Location Group :  13 Period :  3 Block :   p ALUMINUM PHYSICAL DATA State  at room temperature (300 K) : Solid Appearance:  soft, light, silvery white metal Density :  2.6989 g/cc Density at Melting Point:  2.375 g/cc Specific Gravity : 7.874 (20 °C) Melting Point :  933.47 K, 660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F

10. Boiling Point :  2792 K, 2519 °C, 4566 °F Critical Point :  8550 K Heat of Fusion:  10.67 kJ/ mol Heat of Vaporization:  293.72 kJ/ mol Molar Heat Capacity :  25.1 J/ mol·K Specific Heat :  24.200 J/ g·K (at 20 °C) Uses and properties Image explanation Aircraft fuselages and aluminium foil are just two of the many and varied uses of this element. Appearance Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable.

11. Uses Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts. This is because of its particular properties. It has low density, is non-toxic, has a high thermal conductivity, has excellent corrosion resistance and can be easily cast, machined and formed. It is also non-magnetic and non-sparking. It is the second most malleable metal and the sixth most ductile.   It is often used as an alloy because aluminium itself is not particularly strong. Alloys with copper, manganese, magnesium and silicon are lightweight but strong. They are very important in the construction of aeroplanes and other forms of transport.   Aluminium is a good electrical conductor and is often used in electrical transmission lines. It is cheaper than copper and weight for weight is almost twice as good a conductor.  

12. When evaporated in a vacuum, aluminium forms a highly reflective coating for both light and heat. It does not deteriorate, like a silver coating would. These aluminium coatings have many uses, including telescope mirrors, decorative paper, packages and toys. Biological role Aluminium has no known biological role. In its soluble +3 form it is toxic to plants. Acidic soils make up almost half of arable land on Earth, and the acidity speeds up the release of Al3+ from its minerals. Crops can then absorb the Al3+ leading to lower yields.   Our bodies absorb only a small amount of the aluminium we take in with our food. Foods with above average amounts of aluminium are tea, processed cheese, lentils and sponge cakes (where it comes from the raising agent). Cooking in aluminium pans does not greatly increase the amount in our diet, except when cooking acidic foods such as rhubarb. Some indigestion tablets are pure aluminium hydroxide.   Aluminium can accumulate in the body, and a link with Alzheimer’s disease (senile dementia) has been suggested but not proven .

13. Natural abundance Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust (8.1%) but is rarely found uncombined in nature. It is usually found in minerals such as bauxite and cryolite . These minerals are aluminium silicates.   Most commercially produced aluminium is extracted by the Hall– Héroult process. In this process aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and then electrolytically reduced to pure aluminium . Making aluminium is very energy intensive. 5% of the electricity generated in the USA is used in aluminium production. However, once it has been made it does not readily corrode and can be easily recycled.

14. Cool Facts Once, more precious than gold and silver Before the discovery of the Bayer and Hall– Héroult processes, aluminum was more expensive than gold or silver. Napoleon III served state dinners on aluminum plates . Aluminum helped pioneer flight The Wright brothers used aluminum to build key parts of their biplane’s engine because no manufacturer could provide an engine light enough with the needed horsepower. The lifespan of an aluminum can A can is recycled over and over again in a true closed loop. Unopened aluminum cans are very strong, despite being so thin. Four six-packs of cans are able to support the weight of a 2-ton vehicle! Recycling efforts can be improved Every three months, Americans throw away enough scrap aluminum to rebuild the entire U.S. commercial airplane fleet. Recycling that metal would save the energy equivalent of 16 million barrels of oil.

15. Cool Science Project Ideas Aluminum as a thermal insulator uctor Compare the electrical conductance of aluminum wire versus cooper wire. Hydrodynamics (buoyancy/Archimedes principle)   What is the average diameter at which an aluminum sphere (foil ball) sinks (or floats)? Electricity Make  aluminum foil  jump like popcorn using static electricity from a balloon. Metal properties Compare the properties/facts and test different metals. Comparison of oxidation rates (rusting) between aluminum , iron and steel is a solid starting point. Electrophorus-induction char Compare how long aluminum keeps an object cold versus other materials. Aluminum cans versus steel cans is a good place to start .

16. Electrophorus-induction charging using a Leyden Jar A Leyden Jar is an early form of capacitor consisting of a glass jar with layers of metal foil on the outside and inside. Schools and Recycling Aluminum can be recycled continuously with no loss of its qualities. Recycling saves 95 percent of the production of energy needed to create the metal through smelting processes. Discarding a can wastes as much energy as powering a laptop computer for 11 hours, or a television for 4 hours. The aluminum industry pays more than $800 million for recycled material, and every minute an average of 113,000 aluminum cans are recycled. School programs for recycling can make an environmental difference and create funds for programs.

17. Aluminum Can Be Fun Stuff Aluminum powder is commonly used to make fireworks. Solid rocket boosters, including the engines on the space shuttle and model rockets, use aluminum as their primary fuel. Etch-A-Sketches use aluminum powder on the back side of their screens. Glitter and liquid-metal paint are made using aluminum pigments.  

18. Thank you for LISTENING Raphy Bautista Humss 12-A