Amantadine and possible management of coronavirus

Amantadine and possible management of coronavirus

1. Amantadine Could it be ?

2. What is amantadine It is a member of a common nucleus family called Adamanate containing amantadine , rimantadine, memantine , and bananin.

3. Uses : Amantadine is used mainly to treat parkinsonism This medication is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the  brain . It is also u sed to treat and prevent respiratory infections caused by the influenza A virus.

4. Off label use for influenza Mechanism of action : It acts by binding to a viral surface protein called “M2 ”, which is vital to the uncoating of the Influenza virus and entry into host respiratory columnar epithelial cells. Mutations in the M2 protein confer resistance to amantadine. Amantadine is only effective against influenza A, not influenza B because the latter has no M2 protein.

5. Side effects Side effects are mainly an “amphetamine-like” effect of insomnia, sometimes nightmares . Bladder pain bloody or cloudy urine blurred vision confusion difficult, burning, or painful urination dizziness  or lightheadedness fainting falls frequent urge to urinate lower back or side pain seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there swelling of the hands, feet, or lower legs

6. Corona, could it be ? The coronaviral genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein, and the envelope (E) protein, all of which are required to produce a structurally complete viral particle.

7. Corovavirus family

8. Corona, could it be ?

9. Corona, could it be ?

10. Corona, could it be ?

11. Problems Resistance to the drug class is a consequence of mutations to M2 protein. Amantadine is no longer recommended for treatment or  prophylaxis  of  influenza A  in the United States

12. references https:// www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-750-1868/amantadine-hcl-oral/amantadine-extended-release-oral/details https:// www.bcmj.org/articles/antiviral-agents-prevention-and-treatment-influenza http://shared.web.emory.edu/whsc/news/releases/2011/01/supplementing-seasonal-flu-vaccine-broadens-immune-protection.html https:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25752 "Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians" .  U.S.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC) . 17 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July  2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2206980 / https:// virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-019-1182-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323075 / https:// www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-of-the-SARS-coronavirus-structure-reproduced-from-ref-20The-viral_fig2_8149726 https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/01/22/defending-against-coronavirus