Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service that simplifies the setup, operation, and scaling of databases in the cloud

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1. UNIT V Application Integration –Amazon SQS, SNS and SES, AWS Step Function and Amazon Connect. Cloud Financial Management – AWS Billing Conductor, Budgets, Cost and Usage Report, Cost Explore and AWS Marketplace. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

2. Simple Queue Service (SQS) Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables decoupling and scaling of microservices , distributed systems, and serverless applications. It offers a reliable and scalable way to transmit messages between components, ensuring message delivery and processing even in the face of fluctuating traffic or component failures. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

3. Simple Queue Service (SQS)- ARCHITECTURE For Practical Check this : Create a AWS SQS Queue https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/hands-on/send-messages-distributed-applications/ Standard Queue: It offers maximum throughput, proper ordering, and at-least-once delivery approach. SQS FIFO Queue: It is designed so that messages are processed exactly once in the same order they are sent. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

4. Simple Queue Service (SQS)- Features Redundant infrastructure: This  ensures that a message is delivered at least once in a standard queue and it ensures that a message is delivered exactly once in a First In First Out (FIFO) queue. Multiple producers and consumers:  Multiple components of a distributed application can concurrently send and receive messages at the same time. Queue-wise configurable settings:  SQS provides options to configure each queue independently. You do not need to have the same configuration for all the queues. Variable message size:  SQS supports a maximum message size of 256 KB. Queue access control:  SQS allows you to control producers and consumers that can send and receive messages to or from the queue. Delay queue:  SQS enables you to set a delay time in a queue. Delay time ensures that a message inserted in the queue is postponed for the time configured as the delay time in the queue. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

5. Use Cases of Amazon SQS Decouple Components for Asynchronous Communication: Enhances fault tolerance and scalability by allowing independent message sending and receiving. Buffer and Batch Messages: Smooths traffic spikes and supports batch processing for improved efficiency. Implement Worker Queues for Parallel Processing : Distributes tasks across multiple workers, increasing throughput and reducing processing time. Reliable Message Transmission: Ensures durable and redundant message delivery across multiple Availability Zones. Problem: Synchronous communication in tightly coupled systems can lead to cascading failures and scalability issues. Solution: SQS introduces an intermediary message queue for asynchronous communication, enhancing fault tolerance and scalability. Integrated AWS Services: Seamlessly integrates with AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, AWS Step Functions, and AWS IoT Core for event-driven architectures Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

6. SNS – Simple Notification Service Simple Notification Service (SNS) is a fully managed service offered by Amazon. It is helpful for application-to-application (A2A) and application-to-person (A2P) communication. Its A2A functionality offers high-throughput, push-based, many-to-many messaging between microservices , event-driven serverless applications, and distributed systems. It also provides Amazon SNS topics. Using SNS topics, publisher systems can fan out messages to many subscriber systems such as AWS Lambda function and Amazon SQS queues for parallel processing. Use Cases Installed applications on a smartphone often send a notification for offers and other notifications SMS notification on any valid mobile number When EC2 machine over load or under load of the performance, it automatically sends a notification to the admin for the same Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

7. SNS – Simple Notification Service-Architecture Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

8. SNS – Simple Notification Service- How it works First, you need to create an Amazon SNS topic An SNS topic acts as an access point in between the publisher and subscriber applications The publisher communicates asynchronously with the subscribers using SNS Subscribers can be an entity such as a Lambda function, SQS, HTTP or HTTPS endpoint, email, or a mobile device that subscribes to SNS topic for receiving notifications To receive notifications, subscribers must specify the protocol (that is, HTTP, HTTPS, Email, Email-JSON, Amazon SQS, Application, AWS Lambda, SMS) When a publisher has new information to notify to the subscribers, it publishes a message to the topic Finally, SNS delivers the message/notification to all subscribers. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

9. Simple Email Service (SES) Simple Email Service (SES) is a cloud-based email sending service provided by AWS that offers a cost-effective and scalable way to send transactional emails, marketing emails, and notifications from applications hosted on AWS or on-premises. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

10. Use Cases of Amazon SES- Simple Email Service (SES) . Transactional Emails: Send order confirmations, password resets, account activations, and shipping notifications. Marketing and Promotional Campaigns: Distribute newsletters, product updates, special offers, and event invitations. Automated Notifications and Alerts: Deliver notifications and alerts based on specific events or conditions. System Monitoring and Incident Reporting: Integrate with monitoring systems for email notifications about application health, performance issues, or security incidents. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

11. Comparison: SQS Vs SNS vs SES Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

12. AWS Step Function AWS Step Functions allow you to design and build the flow of execution of AWS serverless modules in an application. With Step Functions, you can build workflows, known as state machines, that define the sequence of steps or tasks to be executed, along with the conditions for transitioning between these steps Step Functions is an orchestrator that helps to design and implement complex workflows. When we need to build a workflow or have multiple tasks that need orchestration, Step Functions coordinates between those tasks. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

13. Orchestra- Orchatestration : An orchestra is a group of musicians who play different instruments together, typically led by a conductor. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

14. How AWS Step Functions Work- The State machine The state machine is a core component of the AWS Step Functions service. It defines communication between states and how data is passed from one state to another. Performs some work in the state machine (a Task state). Makes a choice between branches of execution (a  Choice  state). Stops execution with failure or success (a  Fail  or  Succeed  state). Simply passes its input to its output or injects some fixed data (a  Pass  state). Provides a delay for a certain amount of time or until a specified time/date (a  Wait  state). Begins parallel branches of execution (a  Parallel  state). Example of a State: "States": { " FirstState ": { "Type": "Task", "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:ap-southeast-2:710187714096:function:DivideNumbers", "Next": " ChoiceState " } Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

15. How AWS Step Functions Work- The Task A Task is the basic unit of work in Step Functions. It represents a single unit of work performed by a state machine. A Task does its work in one of three ways: Invoking an AWS Lambda function. Using an Activity – this is code that awaits input from an operator. It can be hosted on Amazon EC2, ECS, or on mobile devices. Calling the API of another service. You can define a Task by setting a state to “Type”: “Task” and providing the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the activity or Lambda function the Task should invoke. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

16. Practical Demo: 1) https://cloudplexo.com/blog/aws-step-functions-a-practical-guide/ 2) https://lumigo.io/aws-serverless-ecosystem/aws-step-functions-limits-use-cases-best-practices/ Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

17. Case Study: Step Function Creation for Simple Workflow To build a simple document processing workflow, where we have a single endpoint for uploading a file, and we will be sending the file to different places for processing depending on the file type Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

18. Step 1: Creating an AWS Account and IAM Role: If you don't already have an AWS account, sign up for one. Next, Step 2: Create three 3 lambda functions: We will need three lambda functions, one for detecting the file type, another for processing the image, and the third one for processing document files. We can name these functions check-image-or-document , process-image-demo , and process-document-demo, respectively. Step 3: Create two S3 bucket where we will store the processed files, you can name them process-image-demo- bck and process-document-demo- bck . Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

19. Setting up our step function Step 1: A ll of our functions are ready, let chain them together in a step function. First, navigate to step functions and create a new state machine. you get a dialog that looks like this : Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

20. Step 2: We will be using a blank template, click select to continue. Second, Drag a lambda function into the workflow, and also provide the function name. In this case, we’re pointing it to our check-image-or-document lambda function. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

21. Step 2: We will be using a blank template, click select to continue. Second, Drag a lambda function into the workflow, and also provide the function name. In this case, we’re pointing it to our check-image-or-document lambda function. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

22. Step 3: Next up, we will add a choice flow, which will determine the next function to trigger depending on the output from our check-image-or-document. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

23. Step 4: We can configure our rules to check the value returned from the previous lambda function, which is check-image-or-document. Since our function will be returning a string with either - image, document or unknown. We can easily check for that in the rule. For Image (rule #1) Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

24. Step 5: We can configure our rules to check the value returned from the previous lambda function, which is check-image-or-document. Since our function will be returning a string with either - image, document or unknown. We can easily check for that in the rule. For Documents (rule #2) Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

25. Step 6: Now, you can add the respective functions to the step and your workflow should look like this: Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

26. Step 7: Finally, you can hit the create button, to complete the state machine setup, and a dialog like this will show up: Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

27. Step 8: You can test your workflow, with some test data, and you workflow output should look like this: Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

28. AWS Cloud Financial Management Services Organise and track your costs and usage Enhance control through consolidated billing and access permission, and enable better planning through budgeting and forecasting. Or further lower cost with resources and pricing optimisations , Services, tools, and resources to help reduce your AWS bill.  Billing Information & Support AWS provides detailed  billing reports  and  cost allocation tags . AWS Budgets & Cost Management Tools AWS Cost Explorer:   Visualise spending trends. AWS Budgets:  Set custom alerts for usage & cost limits. AWS Cost & Usage Reports:  Detailed cost breakdown. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

29. AWS Cloud Financial Management Services Use Cases Capabilities AWS Resources Organize Construct your cost allocation strategy that aligns with your business logic AWS Billing Conductor  Report Raise awareness and accountability of your cloud spend with the detailed, allocable cost data AWS Cost Explorer | AWS Cost and Usage Report Access Track billing information across the organization in a consolidated view AWS Consolidated Billing | AWS Purchase Order Management | AWS Credits Forecast Estimate your resource utilization and spend with forecast dashboards that you create AWS Cost Explorer (Self-Service) | AWS Budgets (Event-Driven) Budget Keep your spend in check with custom budget threshold and auto alert notification AWS Budgets | AWS Budget Actions | AWS Service Catalog Rightsize Align your service allocation size to your actual workload demand AWS Cost Explorer Right Sizing Recommendations Inspect Stay up-to-date with your resource deployment and cost optimization opportunities AWS Cost Explorer Use Cases Capabilities AWS Resources Organize Construct your cost allocation strategy that aligns with your business logic AWS Billing Conductor  Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

30. AWS Billing Conductor: Custom Billing: Customize billing data to match business logic. Billing Groups: Aggregate cost views by mapping accounts to billing groups. Pricing Rules: Create global, service, and SKU-specific pricing rules. Cost Reports: Generate Cost and Usage Reports for billing groups AWS Budgets (Event-Driven) and AWS Budgets Cost Tracking: Monitor costs and usage with custom budgets. Alerts: Receive notifications when spending exceeds thresholds. Automated Actions: Run actions when budget thresholds are exceeded (Event-Driven). Forecasting: Set future spending limits. Integration: Works with AWS Organizations for multi-account management Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

31. AWS Cost and Usage Report Detailed Data: Provides comprehensive cost and usage data. Customizable Reports: Aggregate data by hour, day, or month. Integration: Compatible with Amazon S3, Athena, Redshift, and QuickSight . Frequent Updates: Reports updated up to three times a day AWS Cost Explorer (Self-Service) and AWS Cost Explorer User Interface: Easy-to-use interface for cost analysis. Granular Data: Access detailed cost and usage data. Custom Reports: Create and save custom reports. API Access: Programmatically query cost and usage data. Cost Analysis: Visualize and analyze AWS costs and usage. Forecasting: Predict future costs based on past usage. Preconfigured Views: Access preconfigured views for quick insights. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University

32. Dr M Suresh, Assistant Professor, VIT Bhopal University