Amblyopia- basics of amblyopia and classification

basics of amblyopia, definition, classification and evaluation

1. Amblyopia – Definition and Overview An overview of causes, examination, and management

2. Definition & Epidemiology • Amblyopia is decreased vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development. • Commonly known as 'lazy eye'. • Prevalence: ~2–3% of the population. • Vision loss not explained by structural eye abnormality.

3. Causes / Types of Amblyopia • Strabismic amblyopia – from eye misalignment. • Refractive amblyopia – unequal refractive errors. • Deprivation amblyopia – obstruction of visual axis (e.g., cataract). • Anisometropic amblyopia – unequal focusing between eyes.

4. Clinical Features & Examination • Reduced visual acuity, often unilateral. • No obvious structural abnormalities. • Tests: Visual acuity (Snellen, HOTV), fixation preference. • Cover test to check for strabismus.

5. Management Overview • Treat underlying cause (e.g., cataract, refractive error). • Correct refractive error with glasses. • Occlusion therapy (patching of better eye). • Penalization (atropine drops). • Vision therapy exercises.