Aminocentosis babar khan university of swat

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1. Aminocentesis Babar khan Semister 6th Bs -microbiology Chromosomal Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling

2. Amniocentesis :- (also called to as  amniotic fluid test ) . It is a medical procedure  used in  parental diagnosis  of  chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.  and also use for sex determination, in which a small amount of  amniotic fluid , which contains fetal tissues, is  sampaled  from the  amniotic sac surrounding a developing  fetus, and then the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities .

3. Amniocentesis : The most common reason to have an " amnio " is to determine whether a fetus has certain genetic disorders . or a chromosomal abnormality, such as  down syndrome. This process can be used for  o prenatal sex discernments and hence this procedure has legal restrictions in some countries. Amniocentesis is performed when a woman is between 14 and 16 weeks gestation.

4. Medical uses:- Genetic diagnosis Early in pregnancy, amniocentesis is used for diagnosis of chromosomal and other fetal problems such as Down syndrome  (trisomy 21) Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 Fragile X, Rare inherited metabolic disorders Neural tube defect

5. Medicle diagnosis :- Lung maturity Amniocentesis can predict fetal lung maturity, which is inversely correlated to the risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome   infant. In pregnancies of greater than 30 weeks, the fetal lung maturity may be tested by sampling the amount of surfactant in the amniotic fluid. OTHERS Amniocentesis can also be used to detect problems such as: Infections, amniocentesis can detect a decreased glucose level , showing presence of microbes   detect differential count of WBCs. [ 8] Rh incompatibility .

6. procedure :- Before the start of the procedure, a local anesthetic can be given to the mother in order to relieve the pain felt during the insertion of the needle used to withdraw the fluid . After the local anesthetic is in effect, a needle is usually inserted through the mother's abdominal wall, then through the wall of the uterus, and finally into the amniotic sac . With the aid of ultrasound-guidance, a physician punctures the sac in an area away from the fetus and extracts approximately 20ml of amniotic fluid . If used for  prenatal genetic diagnosis, fetal cells are separated from the extracted sample . The cells are grown in a culture medium, then fixed and  stained. Under a microscope the chromosomes are examined for abnormalities. In regard to the fetus, the puncture seals and the amniotic sac replenishes the liquid over the next 24–48 hours.

7. Risks:- performing this test earlier may result in fetal injury b/w 11 and 13 week. Complications of amniocentesis include Preterm labor   Respiratory distress, postural deformities ,   chorioamnionitis .

8. Thank you.