An introduction and evolution of modern computer

Evolution of computer

1. An Intro

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4. 4 The 1930s marked the beginning of calculating machines, which were considered the first programmable computers. He assembled metal plates, pins, and old film, creating a machine that could easily add and subtract.

5. 5 In the 1940s, computers took up entire rooms, like the ENIAC, which was once called a "mathematical robot." The machine  could calculate thousands of problems each second . The large-scale ENIAC weighed 30 tons and needed a 1,500-square-foot room to house the 40 cabinets, 6,000 switches, and 18,000 vacuum tubes that comprise the machine.  Vacuum tube,Transistor , Integrated circuit (IC), Microprocessor, CPU (central processing unit), Artificial intelligence (AI)

6. 6 In the 1950s, computers were strictly used for scientific and engineering research, like the JOHNNIAC, which was once described as a "helpful assistant" for mathematicians. The massive machine weighed just over two tons with over 5,000 vacuum tubes.

7. 7 In the 1960s, everything changed when the Programma 101 became the first desktop computer sold to the average consumer. The 65-pound machine was the size of a typewriter and had 37 keys and a printer built-in. 

8. 8 As personal computers became popular in the 1970s, the Xerox Alto helped pave the way for Steve Jobs' Apple.

9. 9 In the '80s, Apple's Macintosh was described as a game-changer for the computer industry.   first Macintosh computer in 1984 ,   The computer — which weighed in at 22 pounds and cost $2,495  

10. 10 As the '90s marked a period of self-expression, Apple released the famous iMac G3, which was customizable.

11. 11 In the early 2000s, laptops became increasingly popular, especially after Apple launched its MacBook Air.

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14. 14 Programming Languages

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16. 16 The language that is used to write a computer program is called computer language. They are broadly classified into two types: Low Level Language and High Level Language.

17. Low level language 17 It is a language that is understandable by the computer. Here each program statements is converted to single machine language statement.

18. 18 There are two types of low level languages. Machine level language 2. Assembly language

19. 19 Machine level language In this language the data and instruction are represented in the form of strings of 0s and 1s Every instruction is represented in the form of binary bit pattern For e.g., the instructions add is represented as "0110001". Disadvantages  It is difficult to remember the bit pattern for every instruction when the number of instructions is very large. if there is mistake in single bit the meaning would be totally different. Advantages   Execution of the code is faster than any other languages

20. 20 Assembly language In this language, instead of using binary codes, short codes are used which are called "MNEMONICS". MNEMONICS" has two parts, the first part is instruction and second part is data e.g. ADD A, B is a MNEMONICS, where ADD is instruction part and A & B are data parts. Due to use of short codes, programmers do not require remembering bit pattern which is very tedious task

21. High Level Language 21 High level language statements are written in English-like structure. Structure written in this language is called statements or command. It is easier to learn and master this language. Either complier or interpreter is used to convent high level language statements to machine understandable form for e.g. PASCAL, C, C++, Java, QBASIC.

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