An Introduction to Green Computing with a fun quiz.

An Introduction to Green Computing with a fun quiz.

1. Green Computing Damian Gordon

2. Contents What is a Green Computing? Definition of a Green Computing Goals of Green Computing Mobile Phone Quiz Approaches to Green Computing History to Green Computing

3. What is Green Computing?

4. Green Computing Green Computing (or Green IT or ICT Sustainability) can be defined as “ the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems, such as projectors, monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems, efficiently and effectively with minimal or almost no impact on the environment ”. Raza, Patle , and Arya, 2012

5. Green Computing: Primary Goals Its primary goals include: 1. Reducing Energy Consumption : Green computing aims to minimize the energy consumption of computers and electronic devices, reducing the carbon footprint associated with their use.

6. Green Computing: Primary Goals Its primary goals include: 2. Efficient Resource Utilization : This goal focuses on optimizing resources, such as power and raw materials, to reduce waste and improve efficiency throughout the product lifecycle.

7. Green Computing: Primary Goals Its primary goals include: 3. Reducing E-Waste : By encouraging recycling and responsible disposal practices, green computing seeks to reduce the environmental impact of electronic waste (e-waste).

8. Green Computing: Primary Goals Its primary goals include: 4. Promoting Sustainability : Green computing promotes sustainable practices, such as using renewable energy sources, eco-friendly manufacturing processes, and designing devices for a longer lifespan.

9. Green Computing: Primary Goals Its primary goals include: 5. Supporting Eco-Friendly Technology Development : By encouraging the development of environmentally friendly technologies, green computing supports innovations that help reduce environmental impacts.

10. Mobile Phone Quiz

11. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz The manufacture and use of mobile phones have an environmental impact, and creates carbon emissions, so let’s explore what we know about mobile phones…

12. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz When was the first mobile phone call made? 1973 1983 1993

13. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz When was the first mobile phone call made? 1973 1983 1993

14. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz When was the first mobile phone call made? 1973 1983 1993 Martin Cooper, an American engineer, placed the first public call from a handheld portable cell phone while working at Motorola on April 3, 1973, from a Manhattan sidewalk to his counterpart at competitor Bell Labs.

15. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What was the cost of the first commercial mobile phone in 1983? $1000 $2000 $4000

16. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What was the cost of the first commercial mobile phone in 1983? $1000 $2000 $4000

17. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What was the cost of the first commercial mobile phone in 1983? $1000 $2000 $4000 The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X hit the market in 1983 with a hefty price tag of $3,995. By today's standards, the DynaTAC was woefully basic; its peak capacity was 30 minutes of talk time, and the battery lasted only six hours.

18. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz The cost of the most expensive phone, iPhone 5 Black Diamond? $150,000 $15 million $150 million

19. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz The cost of the most expensive phone, iPhone 5 Black Diamond? $150,000 $15 million $150 million

20. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz The cost of the most expensive phone, iPhone 5 Black Diamond? $150,000 $15 million $150 million The iPhone 5 Black Diamond is the most expensive phone in the world, costing $15 million. It takes nine weeks to build, made of 135 grams of solid gold of 24 carat and the chassis is inlaid with 600 white diamonds.

21. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz In the UK how many phones are dropped into a toilet per year? 10,000 50,000 100,000

22. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz In the UK how many phones are dropped into a toilet per year? 10,000 50,000 100,000

23. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz In the UK how many phones are dropped into a toilet per year? 10,000 50,000 100,000 About 19% of people drop phones down into a toilet. A study by online address-book site Plaxo suggests that nearly 1 in 5 people accidentally drop their phones into a toilet, thus losing all their contacts, and a lot of other data.

24. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What is the average lifespan of a mobile phone? 1.5 Years 2.5 Years 3.5 Years

25. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What is the average lifespan of a mobile phone? 1.5 Years 2.5 Years 3.5 Years

26. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz What is the average lifespan of a mobile phone? 1.5 Years 2.5 Years 3.5 Years An iPhone lasts 4-10 years, followed by Samsung units, which can last 3-6 years. Huawei and Xiaomi units have an average lifespan of 2-4 years, while OPPO units have 2-3 years .

27. Green Computing: Mobile Phone Quiz BOTTOM LINE: Mobile phones are expensive to make and purchase, they only last a few years, so try to avoid having them too near the toilet bowl (!)

28. Approaches to Green Computing

29. Green Computing Virtualization and Cloud Computing Data Centre Optimization Low-Power Devices Software Efficiency

30. Virtualization and Cloud Computing

31. Green Computing: Virtualization “Virtualization” really means pretending. So if we have one computer, we can create many simulated computers by getting it to pretend to operate as though it were several independent systems, each with its own operating system, storage, and applications.

32. Green Computing: Virtualization It could be as simple as buying a computer that is running the Windows operating system: And then we add a second operating system to the computer…

33. Green Computing: Virtualization We could install Linux onto the computer and partition the two operating systems…

34. Green Computing: Virtualization From there we can have two different users using the same computer logged into two different operating systems.

35. Green Computing: Virtualization And then we can create large computers with many partitions so that different users can run different programs on the same machines.

36. Green Computing: Virtualization So this is called “Cloud Computing”.

37. Green Computing: Virtualization More formally, “Cloud Computing” is the delivery of computing services (including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence) over the internet (“the cloud”), and you pay for as much resources as you use.

38. Green Computing: Virtualization The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) proposes the following definition for cloud computing: “ Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction .”

39. Green Computing: Virtualization NIST also says the cloud model promotes availability and is composed of: 5 4 3 Essential Characteristics Deployment Models Service Models

40. Green Computing: Virtualization We’ll look at the three service models:

41. Three (3) Service Models IAAS PAAS SAAS

42. SAAS PAAS IAAS Virtual Hardware Virtual Operating Systems Virtual Apps or Programs

43. Three (3) Service Models 1. IAAS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) on-demand access to cloud-hosted physical and virtual servers, storage and networking - the backend IT infrastructure for running applications and workloads in the cloud. DigitalOcean , Linode , Rackspace , Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cisco Metapod , Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE) Virtual Hardware

44. Three (3) Service Models 2. PAAS Platform as a Service (PaaS) is on-demand access to a complete, ready-to-use, cloud-hosted platform for developing, running, maintaining and managing applications. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App Engine, Apache Stratos, OpenShift Virtual Operating Systems

45. Three (3) Service Models 3. SAAS Software as a Service (SaaS) is on-demand access to ready-to-use, cloud-hosted application software. Google Workspace, Dropbox, Salesforce, Cisco WebEx, Concur, GoToMeeting Virtual Apps or Programs

46. Plus, Minus, Interesting of Cloud Computing

47. Green Computing: Virtualization Pluses of Cloud Computing You only pay for what you use You don’t have to buy your own servers You can experiment with different configurations Access to lots more programs IT is managed by cloud company

48. Green Computing: Virtualization Minuses of Cloud Computing There is a lack of transparency of data location, access permission, soundness of security architectures. SLAs are common in the telecommunications industry and provide corporations with a guarantee that certain standards will be upheld. No commercial standards

49. Green Computing: Virtualization Interestings of Cloud Computing Cloud deployments challenge many existing business processes and the traditional computer architectures and practices that support them Cloud can be viewed as a disruptive innovation Cloud can also be considered as another outsourcing option -- build-or-buy decision

50. Data Centre Optimization

51. Green Computing: Data Centre Optimization When using Cloud Services we need to make sure the data centres are performing well, including: Energy Efficiency Network Optimization Capacity Planning and Scalability

52. Green Computing: Data Centre Optimization Energy Efficiency Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) : This is a metric used to measure the energy efficiency of a data centre . It compares the total amount of energy used by the data centre to the energy used by the IT equipment alone. Cooling Optimization : Cooling is one of the largest energy consumers in a data center (e.g., using hot aisle/cold aisle containment, free cooling, or liquid cooling) and helps reduce energy consumption. Renewable Energy : Integrating renewable energy sources like solar or wind power can help reduce the carbon footprint and increase sustainability. Efficient UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) : Using high-efficiency UPS systems and reducing energy loss in power distribution can enhance energy usage.

53. Green Computing: Data Centre Optimization Network Optimization Bandwidth Management : Ensuring that network bandwidth is allocated efficiently and that there are no bottlenecks can improve overall performance. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) : SDN helps optimize network management by providing greater flexibility, control, and automation of network resources. Latency Reduction : Minimizing latency through efficient routing, reducing hops, and ensuring fast interconnects between servers and storage devices is essential for performance optimization.

54. Green Computing: Data Centre Optimization Capacity Planning and Scalability Growth Forecasting : Accurately predicting the future growth of data and traffic helps ensure that resources are scaled appropriately without overcommitting. Scalable Infrastructure : Using scalable infrastructure (e.g., cloud-based solutions, modular server designs) allows the data centre to grow efficiently as demand increases, without the need for complete overhauls.

55. Low-Power Devices

56. Green Computing: Low Power Devices APOLLO 13 MOVIE WHITE - Whoa, whoa, guys! The power's everything. Power is everything. GENE - What you mean? WHITE - Without it they don't talk to us, they don't correct their trajectory, they don't turn the heatshield around... we gotta turn everything off. Now. They're not gonna make it to re-entry. GENE - What do you mean everything? WHITE - With everything on the LM draws 60 amps. At that rate in sixteen hours the batteries are dead, not 45. And so is the crew. We gotta get them down to 12 amps. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC--IYLUmhI

57. Green Computing: Low Power Devices Low-power devices are optimized to use as little power as possible. This is achieved through various techniques, such as using low-energy components, efficient power management systems, and energy-saving software. For portable devices like smartphones, wearables, and IoT devices, low power consumption helps extend battery life. This is crucial for enhancing user experience and reducing the frequency of recharging.

58. Software Efficiency

59. Green Computing: Software Efficiency How do we ensure software is efficient? Profiling tools to identify performance bottlenecks. Use of efficient algorithms and data structures. Minimizing unnecessary computations and avoiding redundant tasks. Leveraging modern hardware capabilities like multi-threading or GPU acceleration.

60. Green Computing: Software Efficiency One thing we can do as programmers is to write efficient software that executes tasks quickly and with minimal delays. Optimized algorithms and data structures are critical for ensuring high performance, particularly in complex applications. We often call it “ optimizing the code ” when we try to make the code perform as well as possible within practical constraints, in other words, when we improve its efficiency and performance while maintaining its correctness and functionality. Let’s look at a Case Study:

61. Green Computing: Case Study

62. Green Computing: Case Study Let’s imagine you are asked to write an expert system to help judges give prison sentences. The system will ask the following questions: Was the accused found guilty (y/n)? Did the accused have extenuating circumstances (y/n)?

63. Green Computing: Case Study And will apply the following rules: Found Guilty Extenuating Circumstances System Response N N “You are free to go.” N Y “You are free to go.” Y N “You are sentenced to 5 years.” Y Y “You are sentenced to 2.5 years.”

64. Green Computing: Case Study A simple approach to programming this would be: if ( FoundGuilty == ‘N’ && Circumstances == ‘N’) printf (“You are free to go.”); else if ( FoundGuilty == ‘N’ && Circumstances == ‘Y’) printf (“You are free to go.”); else if ( FoundGuilty == ‘Y’ && Circumstances == ‘N’) printf (“You are sentenced to 5 years.”); else if ( FoundGuilty == ‘Y’ && Circumstances == ‘Y’) printf (“You are sentenced to 2.5 years”);

65. Green Computing: Case Study However we can improve is code by recognizing that if the accused is found “not guilty”, the response is the same whether or not there are extenuating circumstances, therefore we can improve the code.

66. Green Computing: Case Study A better approach to programming this would be: if ( FoundGuilty == ‘N’) printf (“You are free to go.”); else if (Circumstances == ‘N’) printf (“You are sentenced to 5 years.”); else printf (“You are sentenced to 2.5 years”);

67. Green Computing: Case Study And a programmer would be happy that they had optimized the code.

68. Green Computing: Case Study However, we are data scientists, so we are going to look beyond the obvious … we are going to look at the data. Let’s imagine we reviewed the past 100,000 cases that were before this judge, and we found that in 94% of cases, the accused was found guilty, and they did have extenuating circumstances, then we should re-write our code as follows:

69. Green Computing: Case Study A data optimized approach to this would be: if ( FoundGuilty == ‘Y’ && Circumstances == ‘Y’) printf (“You are sentenced to 2.5 years.”); else if ( FoundGuilty == ‘N’) printf (“You are free to go.”); else printf (“You are sentenced to 5 years.”);

70. Green Computing: Case Study Data Scientist is happy Guru

71. Green Computing ACTIVITY Form groups of 5-8 people. Think of a cool team name Working in our groups, discuss the answers to the following questions, comparing how many people have a similar answer in your group …

72. Green Computing ACTIVITY How often do you leave devices (like your laptop, phone, or gaming console) plugged in after they are fully charged? Do you use energy-saving features on your devices (e.g., battery saver mode, low-power mode)? How often do you shut down or turn off devices when they are not in use? What do you do with old or broken electronic devices? Do you know where to recycle e-waste in your community? Do you consider energy efficiency when purchasing new electronic devices?

73. History of Green Computing

74. Green Computing: History 1970s Earth Day April 22nd, 1970 1980s IBM, Energy Efficient Design 1990s EPA Awards, Recycling 2000s Green IT, EPEA T Cloud 2010s Eco Data Centres , Certificates 2020s AI for Sustainability, Green Hardware

75. Green Computing: History 1970s: Early Awareness 1970s : The environmental movement began to gain momentum, especially after the first Earth Day in 1970. Concerns around pollution and resource consumption led to awareness in multiple industries, including technology.

76. Green Computing: History 1980s: Energy Efficiency 1980s : The term "Green Computing" wasn't popular yet, but companies like IBM began implementing energy-efficient designs. Early initiatives were primarily about saving energy costs rather than environmental protection.

77. Green Computing: History 1990s: Initiatives and Standards Energy Star Program (1992): The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Energy Star program, a voluntary labeling program to promote energy efficiency in various products, including computers and monitors. This was one of the first formal initiatives in Green Computing.

78. Green Computing: History 1990s: Initiatives and Standards EPA’s Energy Efficient Computers Initiative (1993): This initiative aimed to encourage manufacturers to create energy-efficient products. It marked the beginning of specific programs targeting computer energy consumption.

79. Green Computing: History 1990s: Initiatives and Standards Manufacturing and Recycling Focus: During this time, companies started adopting better manufacturing practices and began recycling programs for old computers and components, driven by both cost-efficiency and environmental concerns.

80. Green Computing: History 2000s: Expansion to Broader Sustainability Practices Green IT Movement (Early 2000s): As climate change and sustainability gained more attention, the term "Green Computing" became widely used. Companies began adopting practices that encompassed energy efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable materials.

81. Green Computing: History 2000s: Expansion to Broader Sustainability Practices EPEAT (2006): The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) was launched to help buyers evaluate and choose environmentally friendly electronic products. EPEAT covers criteria like reduced toxicity, recyclability, and energy efficiency.

82. Green Computing: History 2000s: Expansion to Broader Sustainability Practices Rise of Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Companies like VMware popularized virtualization, allowing multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server, thus reducing hardware needs and energy consumption. Cloud computing also offered energy efficiencies by centralizing resources.

83. Green Computing: History 2010s: Sustainability Becomes a Priority Eco-Friendly Data Centers: Major tech companies, like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon, invested in energy-efficient data centers powered by renewable energy. Techniques like server cooling innovations and AI for power management became popular.

84. Green Computing: History 2010s: Sustainability Becomes a Priority Circular Economy and E-Waste Initiatives: Governments and tech companies began prioritizing the circular economy, focusing on reducing, reusing, and recycling electronic devices to reduce e-waste.

85. Green Computing: History 2010s: Sustainability Becomes a Priority Green Computing Certifications: Certifications such as ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) and ISO 50001 (Energy Management) became standard for organizations wanting to showcase their commitment to green computing.

86. Green Computing: History 2020s: AI and Sustainability Goals AI for Sustainability: AI and machine learning started being applied to optimize energy use in devices, data centers, and manufacturing processes, helping achieve Green Computing goals.

87. Green Computing: History 2020s: AI and Sustainability Goals Renewable Energy Commitments: Tech companies like Apple, Google, and Amazon pledged to run their operations on 100% renewable energy and achieve carbon neutrality.

88. Green Computing: History 2020s: AI and Sustainability Goals Green Hardware Innovation: The industry is now moving toward sustainable hardware production, such as biodegradable and recyclable components and designs optimized for long-term durability and repairability.

89. Deborah Estrin Rajkumar Buyya Mahmut Kandemir Carla Schlatter Ellis Urs Hölzle Jennifer Schopf Some Famous Green Computing Researchers

90. Thanks !!!