Notation and conventions
General relativity. We adopt notation and conventions of the textbook by
Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler [34]. Greek indicesα,β,...run from 0 to 3
and Latin indicesi,j,...run from 1 to 3. We employ the Einstein sum-
mation convention. We use the spacetime metric of signature (−1,1,1,1),
so the line element of the Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian (inertial
coordinates (x
0
=ct,x
1
=x,x
2
=y,x
3
=z) reads
ds
2
=ηµνdx
µ
dx
ν
=−c
2
dt
2
+dx
2
+dy
2
+dz
2
. (1)
Numbers. N={1,2,...}is the set of natural numbers (i.e. the positive
integers);Z={...,−2,−1,0,1,2,...}denotes the set of all integers;Ris
the set of real numbers.Cdenotes the set of complex numbers; for the
complex numberz=a+ib(a, b∈R,i=
√
−1) the complex conjugate of
zis denoted byz
∗
:=a−iband|z|:=
√
a
2
+b
2
is the modulus ofz; the
real and imaginary parts ofzare denoted byffi(z):=aandΓ(z):=b.
3-vectors. For any 3-vectors a=(a
1
,a
2
,a
3
)andb =(b
1
,b
2
,b
3
) we define
their usual Euclidean scalar producta·b,and|a|denotes Euclidean
length of a 3-vectora:
a·b:=
3
ffi
i=1
a
i
b
i
,|a|:=
√
a·a=
ff
ffi
ffi
Γ
3
ffi
i=1
(a
i
)
2
. (2)
Matricesare written in a sans serif font, e.g.M,N, . . . . Matrix multipli-
cation is denoted by a dot, e.g.M·N, and the superscriptTstands for
the matrix transposition, e.g.M
T
.
Fourier transform. Different conventions are used for defining Fourier
transform. In the general case the one-dimensional Fourier transform
x