Analytical quality control - analytical chemistry

Analytical quality control
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1. MEWAR UNIVERSITY , GANGRAR, CHITTORGARH TOPIC – Analytical quality control  SUBMITTED TO – Ritu mam  SUBMITTED BY – Nikita MUR - 2301092 COURSE – BSC [BCZ] 5 TH SEM 3 RD YEAR 

2. INTODUCTION Definition: Analytical Quality Control (AQC) ensures the accuracy and precision of laboratory analytical results by monitoring and controlling errors. Importance: Essential for reliable data for decision making in environmental, clinical, and industrial labs.

3. Need for Quality Assurance (QA) & AQC High variability observed in lab results from identical samples. Studies show errors can reach ±50% or more. Importance of QA programs to ensure action validity based on data. AQC as an internal mechanism to check and protect lab performance.

4. Components of AQC Program Sample control and documentation (chain of custody) Standard analytical procedures Equipment maintenance and calibration Method validation and recovery studies Analysis of blanks, duplicates, and standard reference materials Frequency and documentation of control checks

5. Basic Statistical Concepts in AQC Accuracy Definition: The closeness of a measured value to the true or accepted reference value. Precision Definition: The degree of agreement among repeated measurements under specified conditions. TYPES OF ERROR Systematic error Systematic error causing measurements to deviate from the true value. Random Error (Indeterminate Error)  Unpredictable variations in measurement results caused by uncontrollable factors.

6. Common Measures and Calculations : Absolute Error  = Measured value − True value Relative Error  = Absolute error / True value Bias Estimate : Average of differences between measured and true values over multiple tests. Precision Estimate : Standard deviation or variance of repeated measurements.

7. Minimizing Errors & Ensuring AQC: Calibration of Instruments:  Adjust apparatus to standard reference values to reduce bias. Control and Blank Determinations:  Use standard samples and blanks to detect and correct for errors. Use of Independent Methods:  Cross-check with alternative analytical methods to confirm results. Training and Good Laboratory Practices:  Minimize operational and personal errors. Quality Control Samples & Monitoring:  Use QC samples regularly and chart data to detect shifts or trends. Understanding and Proper Reporting of Uncertainty:  Account for random and systematic errors when interpreting results.

8. Benefits of AQC Enhances reliability and credibility of analytical data. Minimizes errors, ensures compliance with standards. Facilitates regulatory audits and certifications. Promotes continual improvement in lab performance.