anatomy of foot.pptx anatomy anatomy anr

anatomy

1. BONES OF FOOT : It consists of Tarsals Metatarsals Phalenges

2. TARSALS They are 7 in number & arranged in two rows In the Proximal row , there is talus above & calcaneum below . In the distal row , there are four tarsal bones , these are : medial cuneiform , intermediate cuneiform , lateral cuneiform & cuboid . The Navicular is interposed between the talus & three cuneiform bones .

3. TALUS : It lies between the tibia above & calcaneum below It has head , neck and body . The rounded head is directed forward The trochlear articular surface of the body is directed upwards , and the concave articular surface downwards . The body bears a large triangular facet laterally and a comma – shaped facet medially .

4. Calcaneum : It is the largest tarsal bone. The anterior surface is small & bears concavoconvex articular facet for the cuboid . The posterior surface is large & rough . The dorsal surface bears a large convex articular surface the middle The plantar surface rough & triangular . The lateral surface is flat , medial surface is concave from above downwards .

5. Navicular : It is boat shaped It is situated on the medial side of foot , infront of the head of the talus & behind the three cuneiform bones .

6. Cuneiform : There are 3 cuneiform bones , medial ,intermediate & lateral The medial cuneiform is the largest & intermediate cuneiform is the smallest They are wedge shaped

7. Cuboid : It is the lateral bone of distal row of the tarsus , situated infront of the calcaneum & behind the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones . It has six surfaces .

8. MUSCLES OF THE SOLE Muscles of the sole are arranged in four layers : Muscles of the first layer : Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi

9. Muscles of 2 nd layer :

10. Muscles of 3 rd layer :

11. Muscles of 4th layer :

12. BLOOD SUPPLY OF DORSUM OF FOOT

13. Dorsalis pedis artery : It is continuation of anterior tibial artery In front of ankle joint At the proximal end of the first intermetatarsal space it dips downwards between the two heads of first dorsal interosseous muscle It ends in the sole by completing the plantar arterial arch .

14. Branches of Dorsalis pedis artery : Lateral tarsal artery Medial tarsal artery Arcuate artery First dorsal metatarsal artery

15. PLANTAR VESSELS

16. Plantar arch :

17. Venous Drainage : Dorsal Venous arch -

18. Nerve Supply : Medial Plantar nerve It is larger terminal branch tibial nerve . It passes between abductor hallucis & flexor digitorum brevis & divides into its branches The Root value is L4, L5, S1.

19. 2. Lateral Plantar Nerve : It is smaller terminal branch Of tibial nerve . It passes laterally & forwards till base of fifth metatarsal , Where it divides into superficial & Deep branches . Root value is S2, S3

20. ARCHES OF FOOT Classification of Arches : Longitudinal - Medial - Lateral Transverse - Anterior - Posterior

21. Each Arch has : Anterior and posterior ends Summit Anterior and posterior pillars Joint

22. Medial longitudinal arch

23. Lateral longitudinal arch

24. Transverse arches

25. Maintenance of Arches Shape of the bones Intersegmental ties or ligaments & muscles that hold the different segments of the arch together . Tie beams or bowstrings that connect the two ends of the arch. Slings that keep the summit of the arch pulled up .

26. Bony Factors The transverse arch is formed & maintained because many of the tarsal bones , base of metatarsal bones involved are wedge shaped , the apex of wedge pointing downwards .

27. Intersegmental ties : All arches are supported by the ligaments uniting the bones concerned . Spring ligament – medial longitudinal arch Long & short plantar ligaments for the lateral longitudinal arch

28. The Beams : The longitudinal arches are prevented from flattening by the plantar aponeurosis & by the muscles of the first layer of the sole . These structures keep the anterior and posterior ends of the arches pulled together . In case of traverse arch , the adductor hallucis acts as a tie beam.

29. Slings : Medial longitudinal arch – tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus . Lateral longitudinal arch – Peroneus longus & Peroneus brevis . Transverse arches – Peroneus longus , tibialis posterior.

30. Functions of Arches of foot : Helps in proportional distribution of body weight to the ground Acts as springs which are of great help in walking & running They act as shock absorbers in stepping and particularly in jumping . The concavity of the arches protects the soft tissues of the sole against pressure .

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