anatomy of human skull

developmental peads

1. developmental pediatrics Presentaion By Wisha Asma Slp 1 st year

2. Topics Cranial Anatomy Bones Sutures Sinuses Fontanelles

3. Anterior view of Skull

4. Lateral view of Skull

5. Cranium Neurocranium Facial Bone Viscerocranium

6. Bones of NeuroCranium Frontal Bone   Forms the forehead and the roofs of the eye sockets Unpaired

7. Parietal Bone  Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity. Paired bone

8. Temporal bone Form the lower sides of the cranium. Contains the external auditory meatus (ear canal) Paired

9. Occipital Bone Forms back of the head and part of the base of the skull unpaired

10. Sphenoid middle portion of the base of the skull (butterfly shaped) unpaired

11. Ethmoid  Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits Unpaired

12. Bones of VisceroCranium

13. Sutures A seam-like immovable junction between two bones, such as those of the skull. There are 13 sutures in skull of human body

14. Sutures of Cranium Coronal suture (frontal –parietal) Frontal suture (Divides frontal bone) Frontoethmoidal suture (frontal-ethmoid) Lambdoid suture (parietal-occipital) Sphenoethmoidal suture (sphenoid-ethmoid) Occipitomastoid suture (occipital-temporal) Sagittal suture (parietal-parietal) Sphenofrontal suture (sphenoid-frontal) Sphenoparietal suture (sphenoid-parietal) Sphenosquamosal suture (sphenoid-temporal) Sphenozygomatic suture (sphenoid-zygomatic) Squamosal suture (temporal-parietal) Zygomaticotemporal suture (zygomatic-temporal)

15. Sinuses of skull Air-filled cavities lined with mucous membranes. Reduce weight of skull

16. Fontanelle A fontanelle (soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the skull of a fetus or an infant

17. Posterior fontanelle is triangle-shaped. It lies at the junction between the sagittal suture and lambdoid suture. At birth, the skull features a small posterior fontanelle with an open area covered by a tough membrane, where the two parietal bones adjoin the occipital bone Anterior fontanelle is a diamond-shaped membrane-filled space located between the two frontal and two parietal bones of the developing fetal skull. It is at the junction of the coronal suture and sagittal suture. Two smaller fontanelles are located on each side of the head During birth, fontanelles enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal.

18. Closure In humans, the sequence of fontanelle closure is as follows The posterior fontanelle generally closes 2 to 3 months after birth The sphenoidal fontanelle is the next to close around 6 months after birth The mastoid fontanelle closes next from 6 to 18 months after birth The anterior fontanelle is generally the last to close between 18–24 months

19. Diseases Fontanelles – bulging A very tense or bulging anterior fontanelle indicates raised intracranial pressure. Increased cranial pressure in infants may cause the fontanelles to bulge or the head to begin to enlarge abnormally It can occur due to Encephalitis Hydrocephalus Meningitis

20. Fontanelles – sunken A sunken (also called "depressed") fontanelle indicates dehydration or malnutrition Fontanelles – enlarged The fontanelles may be enlarged, may be slow to close or may never close most commonly due to causes like Down syndrome Hydrocephalus Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) Premature birth