Anatomy of lungs

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1. Made by faiza nasrullah

2. Lungs: The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax ). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi .

3. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic.

4. Anatomical Position: Two lungs (left and right) within the thoracic cavity surrounded by a pleural cavity suspended from the mediastinum by the lung root

5. Structure of lungs: The lungs are roughly cone shaped, with an apex , base , three surfaces and three borders. The left lung is slightly smaller than the right

6. Apex: The blunt superior end of the lung. It projects upwards, above the level of the 1st rib and into the floor of the neck. Base : The inferior surface of the lung, which sits on the diaphragm.

7. Surfaces  (three) – These correspond to the area of the thorax that they face. They are named costal , mediastinal and diaphragmatic . .

8. Borders  (three) – The edges of the lungs, named the anterior , inferior and posterior borders

9. Root and Hilum : The lung root is a collection of structures that suspends the lung from the mediastinum. Each root contains a bronchus, pulmonary artery, two pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves and lymphatic vessels .

10. All these structures enter or leave the lung via the hilum – a wedge shaped area on its mediastinal surface.

11. Lobes of Lungs: Right Lung: The right lung has three lobes ; superior , middle and inferior .

12. The lobes are divided from each other by two fissures: Oblique Fissure Horizontal fissure

13. Left Lung: The left lung contains superior and inferior lobes, which are separated by a similar oblique fissure .

14. Bronchial Tree: The bronchial tree is a series of passages that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs. It begins with the trachea , which divides into a left and right bronchus . lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi Terminal bronchi

15. Broncho-pulmonary segments of lungs: There are twenty broncho-pulmonary segments in the right and left lung :

16. Difference between left and right lung: