Anatomy related to obstetrics (U G).pptx

Anatomy of the reproductive system. Mainly related to obstetrics

1. Embryology of Female Genital System Ovary from Coelomic Epithelium Uterus from Mullerian Ducts Portion of Vagina from Sinovaginal bulb

2. APPLIED ANATOMY -IMPERFORATE HYMEN

3. MANAGEMENT

4. ISTHMUS- Narrow part between cervix & corpus of uterus. Same histological structures as corpus of uteru s i ncorporated into cavity of uterus during pregnancy – isthmus opens up, so anatomical internal os ceases to exist, only histological os remains.

5. Hegar’s sign- At 6-10 wks. Seen in 2/3 rd of cases Bimanual palpation Fingers of both hands approximate ,there is softening of isthmus with gestational sac in the u pper cavity and empty lower cavity      

6. Symphysio fundal height ( SFH ) in cm, after 24 weeks upto 36 weeks corresponds to number of weeks SFH can be used to clinically calculate the estimated fetal weight using Johnson’s formula Fetal weight = (SFH – n) x 155 n =12 if vertex is above ischial spine, n=11 is vertex is below ischial spine

7. Arrangement of muscle fibres- 1. Outer longitudinal : hoodlike layer ,arches over fundus and extends into various ligaments. 2. Middle layer : thickest and strongest, arranged in criss cross fashion. Apposition of 2 double curve muscle fibres – fig of 8 form which form the “ living ligatures ”. 3 . Inner circular : sphincter like fibres around fallopian tube orifices and internal os of cervix.

8. Muscle fibre undergoes elongation, apposition of 2 double curves make figure of 8 that contract to occlude the blood vessels running in between them. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE : occlusion of vessels during contractions helps in reducing the amount of blood loss postpartum