Android - An Operating System

A presentation on Android as operating system on basic level.

1. Android-The operating system Presented by: 1)Saket.s.khopkar 2)Sunny.r.Shirbhate 3)Sufiyan sheikh 4) Vivek.b.nimkar 5) nayan.g.lonkar 1

2. Topics covered in this presentation What is Android? History of Android. Versions of Android. Architecture of Android system. About the Mascot of Android. Market share of Android Systems. Features of Android. Advantages and Disadvantages of Android. Applications of Android. 2

3. What is android? Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need to develop only for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android. The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. 3

4. History of android Android Inc. was founded in  Palo Alto, California , in October 2003 by  Andy Rubin ,  Rich Miner , Nick Sears , and Chris White . The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2004. The company then decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and by five months later it had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would rival  Symbian  and Microsoft Windows Mobile . In July 2005,  Google  acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million. On November 5, 2007, the  Open Handset Alliance , a consortium of technology companies including Google, device manufacturers such as  HTC ,  Motorola  and  Samsung , wireless carriers such as  Sprint  and  T-Mobile , and chipset makers such as  Qualcomm  and  Texas Instruments , unveiled itself, with a goal to develop "the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile devices". 4

5. Versions of Android There are various versions of Android: Android 1.0 (API 1) Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API15) Android 1.1 (API 2) Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16) Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3) Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17) Android 1.6 Donut (API 4) Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18) Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5) Android 4.4 Kit Kat (API 19) Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6) Android 4.4W Kit Kat (API 20) Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7) Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21) Android 2.2 Froyo(API 8) Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22) Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9) Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23) Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10) Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24) Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11) Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25) Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12) Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26) Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13) Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27) Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14) Android 9.0 P(API 28) 5

6. Android 1.0 Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream .  Android 1.0 incorporated the following features : Android Market allowed application downloads and updates through the Market application Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards ") Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc . Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and  SMTP Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application Google Contacts synchronization with the People application ….and many more 6

7. Android 1.5 Cupcake On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27.This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme which would be used for all releases henceforth. The update included several new features and UI amendments. Auto-rotation option New stock boot animation Ability to upload videos to YouTube Ability to upload photos to  Picasa Copy and paste features in web browser 7

8. Android 1.6 Donut On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 .  Included in the update were numerous new features : Support for WVGA screen resolutions Speed improvements in searching and camera applications Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion Enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts and the web  Android application to "speak" a string of text 8

9. Android 2.0 Eclair On October 26, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair .  Changes include the ones listed below . Bluetooth 2.1 support Improved Google Maps  3.1.2 Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events 9

10. Android 2.2 Froyo  On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for  frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32 . Speed, memory, and performance optimizations [59] Adobe Flash  support Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords Support for file upload fields in the Browser application 10

11. Android 2.3Gingerbread   On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35 .  Changes included : Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony Enhanced support for native code development 11

12. Android 3.0Honeycomb On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36 . [  The first device featuring this version, the  Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011 .  The update's features included : Hardware acceleration Support for multi-core processors Ability to encrypt all user data HTTPS stack improved with   Server Name Indication (SNI) Filesystem in Userspace  (FUSE ; kernel module) 12

13. Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1 ,  was publicly released on October 19, 2011 . Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new Roboto font family Support for the  WebP  image format Hardware acceleration of the UI Wi-Fi Direct 1080p video recording for stock Android devices 13

14. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O  conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface . Smoother user interface Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline CPU input boost Synchronizing touch to vsync timing User-installable keyboard maps Expandable notifications 14

15. Android 4.4 KitKat Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie . Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue Wireless printing capability Native infrared blaster API Verified boot Enforcing  SELinux 15

16. Android 5.0 Lollipop Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O.   Support for 64-bit  CPUs Support for print previews Project Volta, for battery life improvements Audio input and output through USB devices User-customizable priorities for application notifications Smart lock feature 16

17. android 6.0Marshmallow Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6  phones. Contextual search from keywords within apps . App Standby feature Application search bar and favorites Native fingerprint reader support Larger Application folders with multiple pages Post-install/run-time permission requests Renamed "Priority" mode to "Do Not Disturb” 17

18. Android 7.0 Nougat Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the major 7.0 release of the Android operating system . Ability to display color calibration Ability to screen zoom Ability to switch apps by double tapping in overview button Added Emergency information part Added the "Clear All" button in Overview screen 18

19. Android 8.0 Oreo  Android Oreo is the 8th major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 21, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices.  Picture-in-picture support Adaptive icons App-specific unknown sources Multi-display support 2 times faster boot time Google Play Protect Downloadable fonts 19

20. Architecture of Android systems 20

21. Architecture of Android systems Linux kernel:- This provides basic system functionality like process management , memory management , device management like camera, keypad, display etc. Libraries:- On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit , well known library libc , SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc. Android Runtime:- This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android. Application Framework:- The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes . Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications. Applications:- You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books , Browser , Games , etc. 21

22. About mascot of Android The mascot of Android is a green android robot, as related to the software's name. Although it has no official name, the Android team at Google reportedly call it " Bugdroid ". Due to Android's high popularity in the 2010s, it has become one of the most recognizable icons in the technology world. It was designed by then-Google graphic designer  Irina Blok  on November 5, 2007 when Android was announced. She was tasked with a project to create an icon. Its popularity amongst the development team eventually led to Google adopting it as an official icon as part of the Android logo when it launched to consumers in 2008. 22

23. Market share of android systems Research company Canalys estimated in the second quarter of 2009, that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smart phone shipments. By May 2010, Android had a 10% worldwide smart phone market share, overtaking Windows Mobile, whilst in the US Android held a 28% share, overtaking iPhone OS. In September 2015, Google announced that Android had 1.4 billion monthly active users. This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017. 23

24. Features Interface :- Android's default user interface is mainly based on  direct manipulation , using touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping , tapping , pinching , and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a  virtual keyboard . Applications :- Applications ("apps"), which extend the functionality of devices, are written using the Android software development kit (SDK)and, often, the Java programming. Memory management : - Since Android devices are usually battery-powered, Android is designed to manage processes to keep power consumption at a minimum. When an application is not in use the system suspends its operation so that, while available for immediate use rather than closed, it does not use battery power or CPU resources 24

25. Advantages of Android Operating System Advantages of Android Operating System Android Google Developer Android Users – Billion of USERS Android Multitasking Google Play Store App free Download for Android – Millions of Apps Android Notification – Easy Access Android Widget – Several Widgets 25

26. Disadvantages of android operating system Disadvantages of Android Operating system: Android Advertisement pop-ups Android require Gmail ID Android Battery Drain is more. Android Malware/Virus/Security is less than other devices. 26

27. Applications 27

28. Thank you!! 28