Anesthetics, Antiseptics, Antibiotics.pptx

The use of anesthetics in live fish transport is crucial for several reasons, primarily related to the welfare of the fish and the efficiency of the transport process. The use of anesthetics in live fish transport is essential for ensuring the health and welfare of the fish, improving the efficiency of transport operations, and complying with ethical and regulatory standards. By reducing stress and physical injuries, anesthetics contribute to higher survival rates and better overall outcomes in both commercial and conservation contexts.

The use of antiseptics in live fish transport is essential for maintaining the health and welfare of the fish by preventing infections and promoting overall hygiene.Antiseptics play a crucial role in live fish transport by preventing infections, promoting wound healing, maintaining water quality, and enhancing overall survival rates. Their use is aligned with regulatory standards and ethical practices, ensuring the health and well-being of fish during transport. By controlling pathogen levels and promoting a clean environment, antiseptics help ensure that fish arrive at their destination in good health, ready to recover and thrive.

The use of antibiotics in live fish transport is an important, though sometimes controversial, measure aimed at preventing bacterial infections and ensuring the health and survival of the fish.

1. Use of anesthetics, antiseptics and antibiotics in live fish transport

2. Introduction Live fish transport can be a stressful experience for the fish, leading to injuries, disease outbreaks, and even death. To minimize these risks and ensure their well-being during transport, several practices are employed, including the use of - 1. Anesthetics, 2. Antiseptics and 3. Antibiotics.

3. 1. Anesthetics Anesthesia is the act of providing sensation free relief from pain producing procedures. Fish are easily stressed by handling and transport and stress can result in immuno-suppression physical injury or even death. In aquaculture anesthetic are used during breeding and transportation to prevent physical injury and reduce metabolism.

4. Factors affect the activity of anesthetics

5. Commonly used Anesthetics MS-222. Quinidine. 2-Phenoxyethanol. Sodium amytal Barbital sodium Benzociane Metomidate Clove oil Ketamine Chloral hydrate Novacaine Aqui -s

6. MS-222 ( Tricaine Methane Sulfonate) Most commonly used tranquilizers nowadays. It comes white, crystalline powder that dissolve in water up to and 11% solution. Fish kept in 1:20,000 dilution of MS-222 to water for 15 to 20 min. The recommended dilution is 2 times i.e. 1:40,000 for hardy fish such as common carp. 3 times for less hardy fish like grass carp. 5 times i.e. 1:1,00,000 for silver carp.

7. Quinaldine: It is a toxic liquid which must be handled with care. Yellowish, oily liquid with limited water solubility must be dissolved in acetone or alcohol, mixed with water. Treatment with quinaldine is generally done when fish are held in a large volume of water such as large concrete tanks. Dilution rate of quinaldine to water 1:40,000. 2-phenoxyethanol Recently introduced and much cheaper. Soluble in water but freely soluble in ethanol. Solution is bactericidal and fungicidal. Considerably reduce the metabolic rate of fry and 30% more fry could transported in given vol. of water.

8. Sodium amytal, barbiturate It is one of the most tried drugs used for transport of live fish. Sodium amytal at 21-28 mg/lit. water. Considerably reduce the metabolic rete of fry and 30% more fry could transported in given volume of water. Aqui -S It is relatively new anesthetic for fish development by the seafood research laboratory in New Zealand . It would be a valuable tool to use when transporting live food fish to market.

9. Drugs Dose 1. MS-222 1:20,000(water) 2. Quinaldine 1:40,000(water) 3. 2-phenoxyethanol 30-40ml/100lit. 4. Sodium amytal 52-172mg/lit. 5. Barbital Sodium 50mg/kg of fish 6. Chloral hydrate 3-3.5gm/4.5 lit. 7. Novacaine 50mg/kg of fish 8. Amobarbital sodium 85mg/kg of fish 9. Urethane 100mg/lit. 10. Thiouracil 10mg/lit. 11. Hydroxy quinaldine 1mg/lit. DRUGS & DOSE FOR ANESTHETIC

10. Uses of Anesthetics Drugs used for anesthetic carps ( common carps, Indian major carps & other fishes). Reduction in overall stress on the fish. Decreasing metabolic rates, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and excretion of toxic waste. Control excitability of the fish & there by reduction in metabolic rates, swimming activity and chances of physical injury. Reduction of required by handling.

11. Just like disinfecting a wound, antiseptics play a vital role in keeping the transport water clean and preventing the spread of diseases among the fish. Here's why they are important: Combating Pathogens: Transport water can harbor bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens that can cause illness in fish. Antiseptics help to kill or inactivate these pathogens, reducing the risk of disease outbreaks. Maintaining Water Quality: Antiseptics can also help to control the growth of unwanted organisms like algae, which can compete with fish for oxygen and deteriorate water quality. 2. Antiseptics

12. Some commonly used antiseptics for fish transport include: Potassium Permanganate: This is a mild oxidizing agent that has antiseptic properties. Formalin (Formaldehyde): This is a stronger disinfectant but needs to be used cautiously due to its potential toxicity to fish. Some antiseptics

13. Unlike anesthetics and antiseptics, antibiotics are not routinely used in live fish transport. There are two main reasons for this: Antibiotic Resistance: The overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This can pose a significant threat not only to fish but also to human health. Contamination of Fish Flesh : Antibiotics can accumulate in the flesh of fish. This can be a concern for human consumers of the fish. 3. Antibiotics

14. Advantages of such drugs Reduce rate of oxygen consumption. Reduce rate of release of carbon dioxide, ammonia & toxic substances. Excitability of fishes and reduce the chances of mortality due to injury. It is essential to minimize stress and physical damage in handling fish for routine operation. They are also used to immobilize fish so they can be handled more easily during harvesting, sampling and spawning procedures.

15. Important Considerations Following Best Practices: The use of any chemicals during live fish transport needs to be done following established best practices and regulations. This ensures the safety and well-being of the fish and minimizes any potential environmental impact. Alternative Approaches: Research is ongoing to develop non-chemical methods for calming fish during transport, such as using specific lighting or water flow patterns.

16. Conclusion By using anesthetics, antiseptics and antibiotics judiciously, the live fish transport industry can strive to ensure the well-being of the fish while minimizing risks to human health and the environment.