ANIMAL HANDLING WEBINAR.HOW TO CHOOSE ANIMAL FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES.pptx

THIS PPT GIVES AN IDEA OF ANIMAL HANDLING

1. ANIMAL HANDLING By Mr Payaam Vohra M.S.(Pharma) Pharmacology and Toxicology NIPER MOHALI

2. Most widely used animals 4

3. PARAMETERS FOR ANIMAL HANDLING

4. Routes of Drug Administration

5. Organ System for Experimentation

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7. List of Equipments and Devices for Experimental studies

8. Plethysmometer Allodynia(Physical Chemical ,Hot, Cold) Hargraves Apparatus Hot Plate Apparatus Rota Rod Actophotometer Organ bath ,Kymograph, Sherrington cylinder,Frontal Lever Randall Sillito Aesthesiometer Pole Climb apparatus Plus Maze Electroconvulsometer Stereotaxic Y arm Electrolyte Analyzer Anaesthesia Chamber Open Field test Novel Arm Recognition Test Langendorff Morris Water

9. Types of Studies that can be performed

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11. ZEBRAFISH MODEL 31

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13. 33 Experimental Procedure Using Zebrafish Model: 1. Experimental Design: a. Define Research Objectives: Clearly outline the goals and objectives of your experiment. b. Ethical Considerations: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for animal research. 2. Zebrafish Husbandry : a. Housing Conditions: - Maintain zebrafish in appropriate tanks with controlled temperature (28-32°C) and lighting (14:10 light-dark cycle). - Use a recirculating system with appropriate filtration. b. Nutrition: - Feed zebrafish a balanced diet of commercial flakes or granules. - Consider live or frozen food for optimal nutrition. 3. Experimental Group Setup: a. Group Allocation: - Divide zebrafish into experimental and control groups. - Ensure randomization for minimizing bias. b. Exposure Conditions: - Define the treatment or exposure conditions for the experimental group. - Control group should be exposed to a neutral or control condition. 4. Treatment Administration : a. Dosing: - Administer the experimental treatment (e.g., drug, chemical) using appropriate methods (immersion, injection, oral gavage). b. Monitoring: - Regularly monitor zebrafish for any signs of stress, toxicity, or abnormal behavior. .

14. 34 5. Data Collection : a. Behavioral Assays: - Conduct behavioral assays to assess changes in locomotion, feeding, or social behavior. b. Molecular Analysis: - Collect tissues or samples for molecular analysis (gene expression, protein levels, etc.). c. Imaging: - Use imaging techniques to visualize specific organs, tissues, or molecular processes. 6. Data Analysis: a. Statistical Analysis: - Analyze data using appropriate statistical methods. - Compare results between experimental and control groups. 7. Results and Conclusions: a. Interpretation: - Interpret results in the context of your research objectives. b. Conclusion: - Summarize findings and their significance. c. Future Directions: - Discuss potential avenues for future research. 8. Reporting: a. Documentation: - Maintain detailed records of experimental procedures and results

15. Experimental uses Toxicological studies Teratogenicity studies Bioassay of insulin, screening of analgesic and anticonvulsant drugs Screening of chemotherapeutic drugs Studies related to genetics, cancer and neurological disorders 35

16. Experimental applications 36 Study of analgesics and anticonvulsants Study of oestrus cycle, mating behaviour and lactation Gastric acid secretion Hepatotoxicity studies Bioassay of various hormones, such as insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin Toxicology studies Rat brain tissue is extensively employed in radio-receptor ligand studies

17. Experimental uses Ideal model for studies related to: Anaphylactic shock Hypersensitivity Evaluation of bronchodilators Evaluation of local anesthetics Vaccines for diphtheria, TB etc Terminal portion of ileum used for study of spasmodic and antispasmodic agents Nutrition studies (Ascorbic acid metabolism ) 37

18. Pyrogen testing-RABBITS Bioassay of antidiabetic drugs Screening of agents affecting capillary permeability Drugs used in glaucoma Studies related to antifertility drugs Cardiovascular studies Excellent model system to stimulate the response of human tissue to the radiation produced by surgical lasers Testing of cosmetics using Draize test 38

19. 39 PARAMETER MOUSE RAT GUINEA PIG RABBIT Typical adult wt. (gm) 20-40 250 800 1500-5000 Average life span (yrs) 1.5-2.5 2-3 3-5 4-6 Avg age for expt. 3 wks 6wks 3 mths 6mths Gestation period (days) 21 (3 wks) 21 (3wks) 68 (2 mths) 31 (1 mth) Avg litter size 6-12 8-10 3-4 6-8 No. of litters per year 8 6 4 4 HR (beats/min) 350-750 300-500 250-400 130-300 BP 113/81 116/90 77/47 110/80 Biological and physiological data of widely used laboratory animals

20. References CCSEA OECD IACUC McNeil BM, Jennings HA, Jackson CG, Johnson AK, Sterle JA. An experimental course: Animal handling, safety, and well-being. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report. 2015 Jan 1;12(1). UAF centre for teaching and learning Basics of Experimental Animal Research Jadhao UA, Lagad CE, Ingole RK. Laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facilities and care: A review. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. 2022;12(3):170-82.