Animal Tissue _1_Class 9 Science Biology

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1. Animal Tissues Chapter – 8 Biology Class – 9th Ms Arpita Bhowal

2. Animal Tissue 2

3. Types of Animal Tissues 3 are of several types. They are: - Squamous, Columnar, Cuboidal, Glandular etc. EPITHELIAL TISSUES: are of three types; Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac. MUSCULAR TISSUES: are of several types. They are:- Blood, Bone, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage, Areolar, Adipose etc. CONNECTIVE TISSUES: Consists of nerve cells called neurons. NERVOUS TISSUE: Epithelial Tissues Muscle Tissues Nervous Tissues Connective Tissues

4. Animal Tissue 4

5. 1. Epithelial Tissues It is the covering or protective tissue in animal body. It forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate. Cells are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. They have small amount of cementing materials and have a extracellular fibrous basement membrane. It forms the outer covering like skin, the lining of blood vessels ,outer covering of organs, lungs alveoli, esophagus, etc. 5

6. Types of Epithelial Tissue 6

7. Types of Epithelial Tissues 7 1.Squamous Epithelial tissue: A. B. Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue: Features It consists of a layer of thin flat cells. Delicate lining to allow exchange of substances. Location Linings of blood vessels, lungs alveoli, buccal cavity, esophagus, intestine etc. Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue: Arranged in many layers to prevent damage. - Helps in protection of the body. Location- Skin

8. 2.Columnar Epithelial Tissue 8 Columnar epithelial tissue: Location : Where absorption and secretion occur. (Inner lining of intestine) Features: Pillar like appearance Facilitates movement across the epithelial layer. . ii) Ciliated Columnar Epithelium: Location : Respiratory Tract Features : 1. Columnar epithelial Cell with hair like cilia. 2. These cilia can move, and their movement pushes the mucus forward to clear it. Columnar Epithelium Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

9. 3) Cuboidal epithelial tissue: Location: lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands. Features: Cube shaped. Provide mechanical support 9

10. 4)Glandular epithelial tissue: Location: Lining of all major glands. Features: F olded inwards and forms a multicellular gland Produce secretion through special goblet cells. 10

11. Epithelial Tissue : Video 11

12. 1. Tissue that helps in the locomotion of the body are 12 Musclar tissue Skeletal tissue Nervous tissue All of the above A B C D Correct Answer: D . All of the above

13. Let’s Recall– Epithelial Tissue 13

14. 2. The tissue that protects the entire animal body is called 14 Epithelial tissue Parenchyma Tissue Schelerenchyma Tissue Meristematic Tissue A B C D Correct Answer: A. Epithelial Tissue

15. 3. Depending on the shape and structure epithelial tissue classified as _____, cuboidal,columnar , stratified 15 Squamous Simple Complex Secretory A B C D Correct Answer: A. Squamous

16. 4. Which of the following is lined with squamous epithelium? 16 Oesophagus Intestine Kidney Tubules Salivary Glands A B C D Correct answer: A. Esophagus

17. 5.The multicellular gland formed due to the inward folding of a portion of epithelial tissue is called 17 Columnar Epithelium Cuboidal Epithelium Glandular Epithelium Squamous Epithelium A B C D Correct answer: C Glandular Epithelium

18. 18 Stratified Squamous Squamous Cuboidal Stratified Columnar A B C D Stratified Squamous Epithelium 7. Thin squamous epithelial cells arranged in many layers are known as

19. 8. Write true (T) or false (F) 19 A. Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body. B. The lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made up of epithelial tissue. C. Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces. D. Epithelial layer is permeable layer. E. Epithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body and external environment. True True False True False

20. 9. Answer the following: 20 A. Lining of blood vessels is made up of ——— . B. Lining of small intestine is made up of ——— . C. Lining of kidney tubules is made up of ——— . D. Epithelial cells with cilia are found in ——— of our body Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Cuboidal Epithelium Respiratory Tract

21. 21 Simple Squamous Epithelium Ciliated columnar Epithelium Cuboidal Stratified Squamous Epithelium A B C D 10. Identify the type of epithelial tissue?

22. 22 Kidney Tubules Salivary Glands Respiratory Tract A and B A B C D 11.Cuboidal Epithelium can be seen lining

23. 23 Cuboidal Epithelium Glandular Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium None of these A B C D 12.Goblet Cells are associated with

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25. Connective Tissue 25 Connective tissue connects, support or protect the different parts of the body . The cells of the connective tissue are loosely spaced. The space between the cells are filled with a matrix. The matrix may be jelly like, fluid, dense or rigid. Ex: Blood, Bone

26. 1.Blood Blood contains a fluid matrix called plasma which contains red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets Blood flows and transports gases, digested food, hormones and waste materials to different parts of the body. 26

27. 2. Bone 27 Bone forms the framework of the body and supports the body and the main organs. It’s a strong and non-flexible tissue. Cells of bones are called Osteocytes . It also anchors the muscles and supports the main organs of the body. Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.

28. 3. Cartilage 28 iii) Cartilage: - It is solid but soft and flexible connective tissue . They contain chondrocyte cell scattered in a matrix made up of protein and sugar. Cartilage smoothens bones surface at joints and is also present in the nose tips, ear trachea and larynx. Shark and cartilaginous fish skeleton is made up of cartilage.

29. Ligament and Tendons 29 S. No. Ligament Tendons 1. Connects bones to bones. Coneects muscles to bones. 2. Elastic Non – Elastic 3. Considerable strength. Great Strength 4. Present at joints Present at the end of Skeletal Muscles 5. Made of yellow Fibrous Connective tissue Made of White Fibrous Connective Tissue

30. Quick Check-Connective Tissue 30

31. 1.Which of these is the liquid part of the blood? 31 Plasma Red Blood Cells Lymphocyte Platelet A B C D

32. 2.Which of these is a fluid connective tissue? 32 Bone Blood cartilage A and C A B C D

33. 3.Identify the correct match 33 Tendon : Bone to bone Ligament: Bone to muscle Cartilage : Flexible Tissue A and B A B C D

34. 4. Cartilage and bones are the types of 34 Muscular tissue Connective tissue Meristematic tissue Epithelial tissue A B C D Correct Answer: B. Connective Tissue

35. 5. The connective tissue that connects bone to bone is called 35 Ligament Tendon Nervous tissue All of the above A B C D Correct Answer: A. Ligament Tissue

36. 6. Select the incorrect sentence 36 Blood has matrix containing proteins, salts and hormones Two bones are connected with ligament Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile Cartilage is a form of connective tissue A B C D Correct Answer: C. Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile.

37. 7. Cartilage is not found in 37 Nose Ear Kidney Larynx A B C D Correct Answer: C. Kidney

38. 8. Which of these is an example of Connective tissue 38 Blood Bone Cartilage All of these A B C D Correct Answer: D. All of these

39. 9. Bone Cells are embedded in a matrix composed of 39 Calcium and Phosphorous Fat Cells Protein Carbohydrate A B C D Correct Answer: A. Calcium and Phosphorous

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41. Areolar and Adipose Tissue 6. Areolar tissues: Areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues. 7. Adipose tissue: It is found below the skin and between internal organs. It contains fats and helps to store fats. The cells of this tissue are filled with fat globules. Storage of fats also lets it act as an insulator. 41 Adipose Tissue Areolar Tissue

42. 8. Which of these helps in repair of tissue and fills up space inside organs? 42 Areolar Tissue Adipose tissue Bones Cartilage A B C D

43. 9. Fats are stored in human body as 43 Cuboidal epithelium Adipose tissue Bones Cartilage A B C D Correct Answer: B. Adipose tissue

44. 44 Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat because fats acts as insulator and prevent escape of heat from their body. This will help the animals in resisting low temperature in cold climates. 10. Why does Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat ?

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46. Connective Tissue : Video 46

47. 47

48. Types of Animal Tissues 48 are of several types. They are: - Squamous, Columnar, Cuboidal, Glandular etc. EPITHELIAL TISSUES: are of three types; Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac. MUSCULAR TISSUES: are of several types. They are:- Blood, Bone, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage, Areolar, Adipose etc. CONNECTIVE TISSUES: Consists of nerve cells called neurons. NERVOUS TISSUE: Epithelial Tissues Muscle Tissues Nervous Tissues Connective Tissues

49. Muscular tissue consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers. This tissue is responsible for movement in our body. Muscles contain special proteins called contractile proteins, which contract and relax to cause movement. 49 3. Muscular Tissue

50. Types of Muscular Tissues 50

51. 51 Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary or involuntary muscles. (a) Jumping of frog Voluntary Muscles (b) Pumping of the heart Involuntary Muscle (c) Writing with hand Voluntary Muscles (d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine Involuntary Muscles

52. 1.Skeletal Muscle/ Striated Muscle/Voluntary Muscle - They are also called skeletal muscles because they are attached to bones. They have alternate light and dark bands or striations . They help in voluntary movements of the body. - The cells are long, cylindrical, unbranched and are multinucleated.

53. 2. Smooth Muscle/ Involuntary Muscle/ Non- Striated Muscle 53 Iris of Eye Alimentary Canal Bronchi in Lungs Ureter

54. 2. Smooth Muscles/ Non- striated Muscle/ Involuntary Muscle - These are involuntary muscles. - No striations. The cells are long and spindle shaped and uninucleate . They are present in alimentary canal, blood vessels, bronchi of lungs, iris of eye etc

55. 3. Cardiac Muscles 55 Muscles of heart Involuntary muscles Faint striations- Striated Muscles The cells are long, cylindrical, branched and uninucleate. - Helps in the contraction and relaxation of the heart

56. Unstriated muscles (Smooth muscles): -- These are involuntary muscles. - No striations. The cells are long and spindle shaped and uninucleate. They are present in alimentary canal, blood vessels, bronchi of lungs, iris of eye etc Cardiac muscles : Muscles of heart Involuntary muscles Faint striations- Striated Muscles Cells are long, cylindrical, branched and uninucleate. `-Helps in the contraction and relaxation of the heart . 1 2 3 Skeletal Muscle (Striated Muscle) Contain alternate light and dark bands or striations The cells are long, cylindrical and are multinucleated. They are attached to bones. They help in voluntary movements of the body. Types of Muscular tissues 56 An Overview

57. QUICK CHECK 57 57

58. 1 Which muscles act involuntarily? ( i ) Striated muscles (ii) Smooth muscles (iii) Cardiac muscles (iv) Skeletal muscles A B C D ( i ) and (ii) (ii) and (iii) (iii) and (iv) ( i ) and (iv) Correct Answer: B. (ii) and (iii) 58

59. 2 Correct Answer: C. Muscles 59 Contractile proteins are found in A B C D Bones Blood Muscles Cartilage

60. 3 Correct Answer: C. Uninucleate 60 Which of these is not a feature of skeletal muscle? A B C D Voluntary Straiated uninucleate None of these

61. 4 Correct Answer: B. Cardiac muscle 61 The muscular tissue which functions throughout the life continuously without fatigue is A B C D Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Voluntary muscle

62. 5 Correct Answer: C. Smooth muscle 62 Muscle of the bronchi in the lungs are A B C D Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Voluntary muscle

63. Muscular Tissue – Video 64

64. Animal Tissue - Flowchart 65

65. 66 4 . Nervous System

66. Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue: - - The brain, spinal cord and nerve fibers are all composed of the nervous tissue. The cells of this tissue are called nerve cells or neurons. Neurons are highly specialized for being stimulated and then transmitting the stimulus very rapidly from one place to another within the body. 67 Neuron (Nerve cell): - has a cell body containing a nucleus and cytoplasm. It has hair like structures called dendrites and a long part called axon having nerve endings. The axon has a protective covering called myelin sheath. The neurons are joined together to form nerve fibers. The junction between two neurons is called synapse .

67. Nerve Cell: Neuron Diagram 68

68. QUIZ - 4 69 69

69. Brain Spinal cord Tendons Nerves 1. Nervous tissue is not found in A B C D Correct Answer: C. Tendons 70

70. Axon Nerve endings Tendons Dendrites 2. Nerve cell does not contain A B C D Correct Answer: C. Tendons 71

71. Nephron Neuron Striated Smooth 3. A nerve cell is also called A B C D Correct Answer: B. Neuron 72

72. 2. Choose the wrong statement 73 The nature of matrix differs according to the function of the tissue Fats are stored below the skin and in between the internal organs Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them Cells of striated muscles are multinucleate and unbranched A B C D Correct Answer: C. Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them

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74. Nervous Tissue: Video 75

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