Ankle joint.pptx hwhdbdjdndjdjdososkdmdkian

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1. Ankle joint

2. Introduction Type- Synovial Subtype- Hinge variety Bones- Tibia, Fibula and Talus Articular surfaces- Upper- lower end of tibia with medial malleolus Lateral malleolus of fibula Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament Lower- The upper, medial and lateral aspect of Talus bone

3. Introduction Structurally the joint is strong. The stability is due to Close interlocking of articular surfaces Strong collateral ligaments on the sides The tendons crossing the joint from leg to the foot. The depth of superior articular surface is constructed by Downward projection of medial and lateral mlleolus The inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament that bridges the gap between the tibia and fibula behind the talus bone.

4. Ligaments There are 3 ligaments Fibrous capsule Deltoid/medial/ tibial collateral ligament The lateral/fibular collateral ligament

5. 1.Fibrous capsule It surrounds the joint but it is weak anteriorly and posteriorly It is attached all around the articular margins wit 2 exceptions Posterosuperiorly it is attached to inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament Anteroinferiorly attached to the dorsum of neck of the talus bone The anterior and posterior parts of the capsule are thin to allow hinge movements.

6. Deltoid ligament It is very strong triangular ligament present on the medial aspect of ankle joint. The ligament is divided into superficial and deep part Both parts have common attachment above to the apex and margins of the medial malleolus. Superficial part- Anterior fibre / tibionavicular are attached to the tuberocity of navicular bone and to the medial argin of spring ligament The middle fibres / tibiocalcaneal are attached to the sustatentaculum tali The posterior fibres /posterior tibiotalar are attached to the medial tubercle of posterior process of the talus Deep part/anterior tibiotalar - Attached to the anterior part of the medial surface of the talus.

7. Lateral ligament It consists of three bands Anterior talofibular - it is flat and connects anterior margin of lateral malleolus to the neck of talus. 2. Posterior talofibular -connects lower part of malleolar fossa of fibula to lateral tubercle of talus 3. The calcaniofibular ligament- connects lower border of lateral malleolus to the tubercle of calcaneum .

8. Relations Anteriorly- from medial to lateral Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Anterior tibial vessels Deep peroneal nerve Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Posteromedially - medial to lateral Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial vessels Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus Posterolaterally - Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

9. Blood and Nerve supply Arteries- Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Peroneal artery Nerves- Deep Peroneal nerve Tibial nerve

10. Movements Dorsiflexion- Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus , ext.hal.lon , peroneus tertius . Plantarflexion - Gastrocnemius, Soleus Plantaris,tibialis posterior, fle.hal.lon , fle.dig.lon

11. Clinical anatomy Sprains Dislocation Club foot- foot deformities like talipes varus , talipes vulgus etc.