Ante-mortem-Examination-1.ppt

ante mortem
post mortem
meat inspection

1. ANTEMORTEM AND
POSTMORTEM MEAT
INSPECTION
1
PRESENTED BY-
DR. ANIMESH KUMAR MISHRA

2. Reason for Meat
Inspection
To produce wholesome meat
To assure humane slaughter
To produce meat with hygienic
handling and its proper disposal.

3. Ante-mortemmeans“beforedeath”
Inspectionofliveanimals&birdspriortobeingslaughtered
Alllivestockpresentedforslaughtermustreceiveante-
morteminspection
“Professional examination of the live animal before slaughter by a
qualified veterinarian”
Ante-mortem inspection

4. Thisinspectionisperformedbyaveterinarianorbyameat
Inspectorunderveterinarysupervision
Antemortemexaminationshouldbedonewithin24hoursof
slaughterandrepeatedifslaughterhasbeendelayedbyover
aday

6. Toscreenallanimalsdestinedtoslaughter
Toseparatediseased&suspectedanimalsforfurther
detailedexamination
Toensurethatanimalsareproperlyrested&thatproper
clinicaldiseasediagnosis&judgment,isobtained
Toreducecontaminationonthekillingfloorbyseparating
thedirtyanimalsandcondemningthediseasedanimalsif
requiredbyregulation
Major objectives

7. Toidentifyreportableanimaldiseasesandtoidentifysick
animalsandthosetreatedwithantibiotics,
chemotherapeuticagents,insecticidesandpesticides
TomakeP.M.E.moreefficient,accurate,lesslaborious
Todetectdiseases,whoseidentificationdifficultduring
P.M.E.
Toensurethatinjuredanimalsorthosewithpainand
sufferingreceiveemergencyslaughterandthatanimalsare
treatedhumanely
Major objectives
Cont….

8. A/M inspection card
Owner'sname
Thenumberofanimalsinthelot&arrivaltime
Species&sexoftheanimal
Thetime&dateofantemorteminspection
Clinicalsigns&bodytemperatureifrelevant
Reasonwhytheanimalwasheld
Signatureofinspector

9. 1.Identificationofanimal&collectionofdetailsregarding
placeofpurchaseandorigin
2.Animaltobeinspectedbothinrest&inmotiononboth
thesides
3.Examinedpreferablyindaylight
Procedure for AMI

10. Facilities required
Lairage
Identificationofliveanimals
Isolationpen
Assistantstaff

11. Abnormalities
Respiration
Behavior
Gait
Posture
Structureandconformation
Dischargesorprotrusionsfrombodyopenings
Color
Odour
Temperature

12. Abnormalitiesinrespiration
Commonlyrefertofrequencyofrespiration
Ifthebreathingpatternisdifferentfromnormalthe
animalshouldbesegregatedasaSuspect
C/B/S/G;predominantlyabdominal
rarelycosto-abdominal
eg:roaring,snoring,

13. Animalisassociatedwithpaininthelegs,chestor
abdomenorisanindicationofnervousdisease
Slowwobblegait:septicemiadiseases
Walkingincircles:coenurosis,listeriosis,
Stiffgait:traumaticpericarditis
Abnormal gait

14. Abnormalposture
Tuckedupabdomenortheanimalmaystandwithan
extendedheadandstretchedoutfeet
Theanimalmayalsobelayingandhaveitsheadturned
alongitsside.Whenitisunabletorise,itisoftencalleda
“downer”
Cowsitsontheflankandheadrestsontheflank:milkfever
Froglikeposture:obturatorparalysisandbilateraldysplasia
Kickingatthebelly:acutepain

15. Abnormalities in behavior
Walkingincirclesorshowanabnormalgaitorposture
Pushingitsheadagainstthewall
Chargingatvariousobjectsandactingaggressively
Showingadullandanxiousexpressionintheeyes

16. Abnormal Appearance
Healthy animals:
glossywithsmooth
haircoatgood
indicator:levelof
hydration
Skin lesions,
bruisingandtear
Emaciationand
cachexia
Rough and
starringhairs

17. Abnormalitiesinstructure(conformation)
Swellings(abscesses)seencommonlyinswine
Enlargedjoints
Umbilicalswelling(herniaoromphalophlebitis)
Enlargedsensitiveudderindicativeofmastitis
Enlargedjaw(“lumpyjaw”)
Bloatedabdomen

18. Abnormal discharges or protrusions
Dischargesfromthenose,excessivesalivation:FMD,RP,
Oculardischarge:bluetongue,BVD,MD,
Protrudingfromtherectum(prolapsedrectum)or
uterus
Protrudingfromthevagina(prolapseduterus)
Growthsontheeyeandbloodydiarrhea

19. Temperature

20. Riseintemp–firstindicatorofcommunicabledisease
Moribundanimals–subnormaltemp
Sheep–greatestdailyfluctuationoftemp
Pigs->41°C
Cattle,sheep->40.5°C
tobeisolateduntil
tempfallsordisease
diagnosisisestab.
Abnormalitiesintemperature

21. Abnormalcolour
Blackareasonhorsesandswine
Redareasonlightcoloredskin(inflammation)
Darkblueareasontheskinorudder(gangrene)

22. Abnormalodour
Odourofanabscess:medicinalodour
Ketosis:stinkweedodouroracetoneodour
Putridbronchitis:putrefactiveodour

23. Ante-mortemDecisions
FITforslaughter
Suspect/detained
Delayed/postponed
UNFITforslaughter(Condemned)

24. Fitforslaughter
Freefromthediseasesandconditions,fitforhumanfood,
tobereleasedforslaughter
Suspect
Questionwhethertheanimalisaffectedbyadiseaseor
conditiondescribedintheregulations.
Tosegregatethoseanimalswithabnormalsignsintothe
suspectpenforfurtherobservation

25. Delayedslaughter
Exhaustion
Trasitfever
Transport
Unfitforslaughter
Immatureanimals
Advancedpregnancy
Recentparturition
Infectiousandcontagiousdiseases
anthrax,rabies,BQ,FMD,Swinefever,tetanus,CLA,
whitescours,calfdiphtheria

26. Casualty slaughter
Whenanimalsaresufferingfromsuchdiseaseorinjuries
whichdoesn'trenderthemeatunsuitableforhuman
consumption,arebeingslaughtered.
Affectedwithmorechroniccondition
Obturatorparalysis,
Postpartumparaplegia
Benignsuperficialtumors
Not in acute pain or
immediate danger of
death

27. Onfirmdecisionhastotake(byveterinarian),whether
theanimalissuitablefortransporttonearbyslaughter
house.
Theseanimalmustgothroughantemorteminspection.
Slaughteredimmediatelyonarrival.
Shouldbeisolatedfromnormalanimal.

28. Emergency slaughter
Acutepainorsufferingfromacondition
Delayinslaughtercontrarytoanimalwelfare
Animalishealthy,butrequireson-farmemergency
slaughter,
Ex.limbfracture,uncontrolledhemorrhage,injurycausing
severepain,ordistressorfunctionalorphysiological
disorder
Thatanimalmaybehumanelyslaughteredonthefarmto
saveitfrompain&thecarcasstransferredtoabattoir
Animalsaffectedwithextensivebruisingorfractures,Bloat,
uterineprolapserequireemergencyslaughter

29. Rules:
Undergoneante-morteminspection.
Thebodyoftheanimalhasnotbeendressed.
Animalaccompaniedtothebyaveterinarycertificate.
Bodyoftheanimalshouldbetransportedtoslaughter
houseinhygieniccondition,withinonehourofthe
slaughter
Inslaughterhousepostmorteminspectionisdoneto
confirmtheoathincertificate.

30. Categoriesofanimalsforemergencyslaughter
1.Alivebutinmoribundstate:
Carcassstiffensimmediatelyafterslaughter
Judgment:totalcondemnation
Bloodsmear:anthrax

31. Dead and uneviscerated
Bloodsmear:anthrax
Coldnessinextremities&tympanitisincattle;death
hasnotbeenrecent
Carcassofdeadanimals:
unwholesome,liabletorapiddecompositionandfitonly
forinediblerendering

32. Dead and eviscerated
Judgementisdifficult
Carcasssurfacehasawhiteappearance
Lackofpropersetting
Cattle;flexionoftheforelimbswithabrownishred
colorationofflesh;slaughteredafteralongillness

33. Judgement for carcass of emergency animal
Itdoesnotshowanyevidenceofdisease
Negativebacteriologicaltest
Setsandlooksnormalineveryway
AnysignofP.M.changes-condemned

34. Diseases and abnormalities
commonly observed during AMI
Cattle
SUSPECT–Actinobacillosis,A.mycosis,Mastitis,
Ringworm&mange
UNFIT-Rabies,FMD,RP,TB,Anthrax,BQ,Tetanus,
AcuteListeriosis,Fluorine&SeleniumPoisoning,

35. Calves
Immaturity –UNFIT
Calf diphtheria -UNFIT
Ringworm -SUSPECT
White scours -UNFIT
contd…

36. Sheep
Sheepscab-UNFIT
FMD–UNFIT
Caseouslymphadenitis
Generalized–UNFIT
Localized-SUSPECT
Gid-UNFIT
Enterotoxaemia-UNFIT
contd…

37. Swine
Swineerysipelas-SUSPECT
Atrophicrhinitis-SUSPECT
Gutedema–SUSPECT
Hogcholera-UNFIT
Rabies-UNFIT
Actinomycosisoftheudder-SUSPECT
Salmonellosis-UNFIT

38. Poultry
Ornithosis–UNFIT
Ranikhetdisease-UNFIT
CRD-SUSPECT
IB–UNFIT(advancedstages)
ILT-UNFIT(advancedstages)
Infectiouscoryza-UNFIT(acutestages)
Coccidiosis-UNFIT

39. POST MORTEM
EXAMINATION

40. PM inspection is defined as
examination of dressed carcass, their
organs including blood immediately
after slaughter to produce wholesome
meat, in a hygienic manner under
adequate amount of light by a
qualified meat inspector.

41. There should be sufficient time and
light for inspection after slaughter.
The animal is bled, skinned, the feet
removed, the carcass is hauled up, off
the ground and eviscerated with
organs being examined by veterinarian
When inspecting the organ, associated
lymph nodes are also checked

43. Oesophagostomiasis.
Parasitic nodules on the
intestinal mucosa in a
young bovine animal
Numerous flukes of Fasciola
hepatica observed in the bile
ducts and liver parenchyma
of a cow

44. Caseous cysticercus.
Numerous clear transparent
cysts on the heart surface.
0.6 mm in diameter in the
heart muscle
Hydatid cysts in bovine liver

45. Jaundice of an aged cow
caused by liver disease. Note
yellow discoloration of body
fat, lungs, heart and kidney
Fractured bone and muscle
haemorrhage in a market hog

46. PM inspection should be done as early
as possible if delayed, particularly in
beef and pork carcasses, which set
rapidly the examination of the carcass
lymph nodes is more difficult.
The main purpose of PM examination is
to detect and eliminate abnormalities
thus ensuring that only meat fit for
human consumption is passed for food.

47. Well distributed lighting of at least
540-lux units (50-foot candles) in
intensity.
Structural and mechanical facilities to
enable carcasses to be delivered in a
satisfactory manner.
Sterilizers for the complete immersion
of knives, saws, cleavers, etc., are
essential.

48. Post-mortem inspection of a
beef carcass
Head
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Stomach and intestines
Spleen
Uterus
Udder

49. Post-mortem inspection of
calves
Abomasum:peptic ulcers
Small intestines for evidence of
dysentery
Portal lymph nodes congenital TB
Umbilicus and joints: septic
omphalophlebitis.
The lungs, kidney and spinal cord are
to be examined for melanotic
deposits.

50. Post-mortem inspection of
sheep and goats
Less detailed inspection than calves
and pigs.
Lungs: parasitic infections especially
hydatid cysts or nematodes
Liver: fascioliasis
Knee and stifle joints for arthritis.
Fractured ribs and septic pleurisy may
often be encountered.

51. Post-mortem inspection of pigs
Skin: swine erysipelas, swine fever,
urticaria and for ‘shotty eruption’.
Tail-necrosis, feet-abscess and udder
for mastitis or actinomycosis.
Liver
Kidney

52. THANK
YOU