ANTI MATTER: the scince of opposites.pptx

it is a prasentation on anti matter

1. “ANTI-MATTER: THE SCIENCE OF OPPOSITES” PRESENTED BY: NAME – SHRADHASHREE MOHANTY CLASS- 2 nd YEAR 3 rd SEMESTER ENROLLMENT NO.-Y24273026

2. INTRODUCTION TO ANTI MATTER. ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPT. MATTER VS ANTIMATTER. PROCESS OF ANNIHILATION. ANTIMATTER IN THE UNIVERSE. APPLICATIONS OF ANTIMATTER. CHALLENGES AND RISK OF ANTIMATTER. FUTURE RESEARCH AND PROSPECTS. 9) CONCLUSION. 10) REFERENCE OVERVIEWS:-

3. Antimatter is a type of material composed of antiparticles, which are the counterparts to the particles that make up ordinary matter. For every particle in the universe—such as electrons, protons, and neutrons—there exists an equivalent antiparticle with the same mass but opposite charge and quantum properties. Antiparticles : Each particle has an associated antiparticle: Electron ↔ Positron (positively charged counterpart to the electron) Proton ↔ Antiproton (negatively charged counterpart to the proton) When these particles and antiparticles meet, they can annihilate each other in a burst of energy , converting their mass into photons (particles of light). INTRODUCTION TO ANTIMATTER:-

4. 2) HISTORY OF ANTI-MATTER . In 1932, American physicist Carl Anderson discovered the POSITRON while studying cosmic rays using a cloud chamber, a device that visualizes the path of charged particles. In 1955, scientists Emilio Segre and Owen Chamberlain discovered the Antiproton The Antineutron was discovered soon after. This opened the door to studying entire systems of antimatter, such as Antihydrogen , which was first synthesized in 1995 at CERN. T he term " antimatter " was first coined in 1898 by physicist Arthur Schuster in two letters to Nature. In these letters, Schuster speculated about negative matter and hypothesized the existence of antiatoms and antimatter solar systems. 1)Arthur Schuster(1898) 2)Paul dirac(1928) Theoretically ANTI MATTER(anti electron=positron) was discovered by Paul Dirac in 1928 Dirac hole theory. 3) Carl anderson(1932) 4) Emilio Segre and Owen chamberlain(1955)

5. 3) MATTER VS ANTIMATTER :- . PROPERTY MATTER ANTIMATTER DEFINITION COMPOSED OF PARTICLES LIKE ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMPOSED OF ANTIPARTICLES LIKE POSITRON,ANTIPROTON CHARGE POSITIVE FOR PROTONS AND NEGATIVE FOR ELECTRON NEGATIVE FOR ANTIPROTON AND POSITIVE FOR ANTI ELECTRON MASS SAME AS ANTIMATTER COUNTER PARTS SAME AS MATTER COUNTER PARTS INTERACTION CO EXIST WITH OTHER MATTER PARTICLES ANNIHILATES ON CONTACT WITH MATTER AND RELEASING ENERGY APPLICATIONS FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF ALL STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS MEDICAL IMAGING(PET SCANS), RESEARCH IN ENERGY AND PHYSICS

6. The annihilation process occurs when a particle and its corresponding antiparticle meet and destroy each other, resulting in the release of energy. This process is fundamental to the interaction between matter and antimatter. STEPS OF THE ANNIHILATION PROCESS : Contact : When a particle (e.g., electron) encounters its antiparticle (e.g., positron), they are attracted due to opposite charges and come into contact. Annihilation : Upon contact, the particle and antiparticle annihilate each other. This means their mass is converted into energy, following Einstein’s equation E=mc 2 , where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. Energy Release : The energy from this annihilation is released in the form of gamma-ray photons —particles of high-energy light. For example, when an electron and a positron annihilate, they typically produce two gamma-ray photons, each moving in opposite directions to conserve momentum. 4) PROCESS OF ANNIHILATION:-

7. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe was born from a massive explosion that should have created equal quantities of matter and antimatter. In this scenario, particles and antiparticles would have annihilated each other, leaving behind pure energy. However, this is not what we observe: the universe we see is made almost entirely of matter, with very little antimatter naturally occurring. This apparent imbalance, known as baryon asymmetry or the matter-antimatter asymmetry , is one of the greatest mysteries in physics. 5) ANTI MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE:- Cosmic Rays : High-energy cosmic rays colliding with the Earth's atmosphere can produce small amounts of antimatter, such as positrons (the antimatter counterpart of electrons). Particle Accelerators : Facilities like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider can produce antimatter in controlled environments by colliding particles at high energies . Natural Radioactive Decay : Some types of radioactive decay produce positrons as a byproduct, such as in certain isotopes used in PET scans. Laboratories : Scientists create and study antimatter in laboratories. For instance, CERN has created antihydrogen (an antiproton and a positron) and even trapped it temporarily for research. Gamma-Ray Bursts : Observations suggest that certain astronomical events, like gamma-ray bursts or black holes, may produce antimatter.

8. Medical Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Fundamental Physics Research Potential Energy Source High energy density Space propulsion Military Application 7) APPLICATIONS OF ANTIMATTER:-

9. 1. Production Challenges High Energy Requirements: Limited Production: 2. Storage Challenges Containment Requirements(penning trap) Magnetic Fields 3. Safety Risks Annihilation and Explosion Hazard Radiation Exposure 8) CHALLENGES AND RISK OF ANTIMATTER:- 4. Cost Challenges Infeasibility of Large-Scale Production Cost of Equipment and Infrastructure 5. Uncontrolled Release Risks Terrorism Concerns Containment Failure 6. Scientific Challenges and Unknowns Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry Gravity Effects on Antimatter

10. Antimatter is real and has particles opposite in charge to normal matter. It’s observed in labs but is rare and hard to store since it annihilates on contact with matter. While practical uses are limited, studying antimatter expands our understanding of the universe and holds future potential. 9) CONCLUSION:-

11. 3. Discovery of Other Antiparticles : 10) REFERENCE www.energy.gov https://en.Wikipedia.org www.home.cerm https://www.Britannica.com https://www.livescience.com https://www.academia.edu

12. THANK YOU…