Antibiotics Classification

The word antibiotic means “against life.” Any drug that kills germs in your body is technically an antibiotic. Classification with examples....

1. Antibiotics
• Mr. Hitesh Vishwanath Shahare
• Assistant Professor
• Dept. Ph.’ Chem.
•

2. Antibiotics
•First time this term was renowned by scientist Waksman: Streptomycin
•Got noble prize 1952: Anti-TB drug
2
“Any substance produced or metabolic product of living organism that is
capable of inhibiting the growth or survival of one or more species of
microorganism in low concentration”.
As bacteria multiply rapidly within 2-3 hrs, population of bacteria is double:
need to initiate with High dose (loading dose) and last with small dose
(maintenance dose)
Antibiosis
Microorganism produced substance act
against other microorganism

3. Classification
3
Source
Spectrum
of Activity
Mode of
Action
Chemical
Nature
5
SNJB's SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Chandwad
Effect

4. 4
Natural
SemiSynthetic
Synthetic
Antibiotic obtained in large scale by fermentation of
microorganism
Ex: Bacitracin
Modifications in side chain of 6-
Aminopenicilloic acid
Ex: Ampicillin
From synthetic origin
Ex: Chloramphenicol
Source

5. 5
Drug which inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall
Drug which interfere with Nucleic acid Synthesis
Ex: Penicillin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
Phosphomycin
Cephalosporin
Vancomycin
Ex: Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Nalidixic acid
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Drug which inhibit Protein Synthesis
Ex: Amphoterecin B
Streptomycin
Aminoglycosides
Fusidic acid
Tetracycline
Mupirocin
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Drug which interfere with CytoplasmicMembrane
Ex: Polymixin
Drug which inhibit Folic Acid Synthesis (FolateAntagonist)
Ex: Sulfonamide, Trimethoprim
Mode of Action

6. 6
Activity against only one species of micro-organismNarrow
Spectrum
Broad
Spectrum
Either Gram positive or Gram negative
High degree of selectivity towards the target
Ex: Bacitracin
Less degree of selectivity towards the target
Ex: Chloramphenicol
Activity against both species of micro-organism
Spectrum of Activity

7. Effects of Activity
7
Inhibits the growth of bacteria
Examples: Sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol,
trimethoprim, macrolides, Lincosamide
Kills bacteria
Examples: Aminoglycosides, Penicillin, Cephalosporin

8. 8
Sr.
No.
Chemical Class
Example
1 Beta Lactam Antibiotics
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Thienamycin
Clavulanicacid
Sulbactam
Monobactam
Azobactam
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Cefixime, Cefaclor
2 Aminoglycosides Streptomycin, Tobramycin
3 Tetracycline analogs Oxytetracyclin,Minocyclin
Chemical Nature

9. 9
Sr.
No.
Chemical Class Example
4 Macrolides Erythromycin
5 Polypeptides Bacitracin
6 Polyene AntibioticsAmphoterecin -B
7 Lincomyin analogs Lincomyin
8 Unclassified AntibioticsChloramphenicol

10. 5 September
2020
SNJB's SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Chandwad (Nasik) 10
5 September
2020
SNJB's SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Chandwad (Nasik) 10
[email protected]
Thank You!