Antihypertensive Drugs (Pharmacology)-Slide share

definition, classiofication, MOA, ADRs, Uses.

1. A presentation on ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS By Anjali Rana

2. ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS - Antihypertensives  are a class of  drugs  that are used to treat  hypertension  (high blood pressure). hypertension -abnormally high B.P. a ) Primary- exact cause unknown b) Secondary- caused by another medical condition. RISK FACTORS- Stress condition,obesity,smoking,diet,Drugs -by mistake. CONDITION- Normal= 120/80 Pre HTN= 139/90 Stage I= 140/90 HTN crisis= > 160/>100

3. CLASSIFICATION- Diuretics- Thiazide , Hydrochlorthiazide, Frusemide , spironolactone ACE inhibitor- Captopril , Enalapril , Lisinopril . Angiotensin antagonist- Losarton . Ca+ Channel Blockers- Verapamil , Nifedipine , Amlodipine , Diltiazam . Vasodilator- Hydralazine , Sod. Nitroprusside . β Adrenergic blockers- Propranolol , Metoprolol , Atenolol . α-adrenergic blockers- Prazocin , Terazocin .

4. MOA of Diuretics - Decreases retention of H2O and NA ions. MOA of ACE Inhibitors- Inhibit Angiotensin converting enzyms  Angiotensin I  CAPTOPRIL inhibit ACE decrease in B.P. Dose- 25 mg, thrice daily as tablet. ADRs- renal damage, - hyperkalemia , - impairment of immune response - loss of taste sensation - Neutropenia (decrease WBC) - Proteinuria ( Increase protein in Urine) - Dry persistant cough. ENALAPRIL- as captopril more potent. Slower but longer effect. ADRs- 1) urticaria ( allergic reaction ) 2) Angioneurotic edema (swelling under skin).

5. PHARMACOKINETICS - about 70 to 75% of an oral dose is absorbed.   - the bioavailability of captopril is approximately 65%. -Peak blood concentrations are reached about 45 to 60 minutes after oral administration . -The bioavailability of captopril is not altered by age or concomitant medications including diuretics . THERAPEUTIC USES- Captopril is used to  treat high blood pressure (hypertension) . -Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. -It is also used to treat heart failure, protect the kidneys from harm due to diabetes, and to improve survival after a heart attack.

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